城市绿地致敏指数的改进研究及应用

【目的】城市绿地致敏指数(IUGZA)的构建考虑了绿色空间内植物特有的生物学特性和形态特性,为使该指数应用更广泛,本文对其进行改进研究并探讨该指数的实际应用,可为城市绿地的管理和维护提供理论依据。【方法】基于高斯公式对城市绿地致敏指数进行分析并改进了该指数(I’UGZA),应用指数评估绿地的致敏潜力,并进行不同区域致敏潜力大小对比,探究该指数在绿地致敏潜力评估中的实际应用。同时使用Spearman相关性分析和主成分分析(PCA),分析IUGZA与其他参数(区域面积、植株数量、林木密度、物种丰富度和Shannon-Wiener指数(H’)之间的相关性。【结果】(1)绿地整体的IUGZA值为0.214 1,I’UGZA值为0.219 3,具有低过敏潜力,研究区内生长的植物排放的花粉不会对花粉过敏患者造成高风险。但对研究区进行分区对比时,部分区域的IUGZA值大于0.3,具有高过敏潜力。同时距离致敏性植物346 m范围内可引起敏感人群的过敏症状,距离场源中心1 000 m处I’UGZA值趋近于0,几乎没有致敏影响;(2)绿地种植低致敏性植物较多,占比为65.7%。高致敏性植物有油松、栓皮栎、洋白蜡、毛白杨、臭椿、白桦、白榆、圆柏等植物,主要属于柏科、松科、杨柳科、悬铃木科、豆科、苦木科、榆科、桦木科、壳斗科;(3)主成分分析(PCA)与Spearman相关性分析的结果一致,IUGZA和物种丰富度之间存在显著相关性(P <0.05),与其他参数的相关性不显著。【结论】改进的指数可反映距离绿地空间不同位置的致敏潜力以及对周边环境的致敏影响,是评估城市绿地致敏潜力的有效工具,用于量化绿色空间不同区域空气中花粉排放形成的致敏潜力;可反映每种植物产生的花粉在绿色空间中的贡献大小,进而明确城市绿地中具有高致敏性的植物;还可作为分析绿地区域内植物种类丰富程度的工具。

Improvement research and application of urban green zone allergenicity index

ObjectiveThe construction of urban green zone allergenicity index (I_UGZA) takes into account the unique biological characteristics and morphological characteristics of plants in green space. In order to make the index more widely used, this paper improves its research and discusses the practical application of the index. Application can provide theoretical basis for the management and maintenance of urban green space.MethodBased on Gauss formula, the I_UGZA was analyzed and improved, and it was used to evaluate the allergenic potential of green space, and the allergenic potential of different regions was compared. The practical application of the index in estimating the allergenic potential of green space was explored. Spearman correlation analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) were used to analyze the correlation between I_UGZA and other parameters (surface area, number of plants, density, species richness and Shannon-Wiener index (H′)). Result(1) The overall I_UGZA value of green space was 0.214 1, and the I'_UGZA value was 0.219 3. It had hypoallergenic potential, and the pollen of plants growing in the study area did not pose a high risk to patients with pollen allergy. However, when the study area was compared, the I_UGZA value of some areas was greater than 0.3, which had high allergenic potential. At the same time, allergic symptoms of allergenic people can be caused within 346 m range of allergenic plants. The I'_UGZA value at 1 000 m from the center of the field source approached 0, and there was almost no allergenicity. (2) There were many low allergenicity plants in green space, accounting for 65.7%. Highly allergenicity plants are Pinus tabuliformis, Quercus variabilis, Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Populus tomentosa, Ailanthus altissima, Betula platyphylla, Ulmus pumila, Juniperus chinensis and other plants, mainly belonging to Cupressaceae, Pinaceae, Salicaceae, Platanaceae, Leguminosae, Simaroubaceae, Ulmaceae, Betulaceae, and Fagaceae. (3) The results of principal component analysis (PCA) analysis were consistent with those of Spearman correlation analysis. There was a significant correlation between I_UGZA and species richness (P < 0.05), and the correlation with other parameters was not significant.ConclusionThe improved index can reflect the allergenic potential from different locations in the green space and the allergenic effect on the surrounding environment. It is an effective tool for assessing the allergenic potential of urban green space and is used to quantify the formation of pollen emissions in the air in different regions of the green space; it can reflect the contribution of pollen produced by each plant in green space, and then identify plants with high allergenicity in urban green space; it can also be used as a tool to analyze the richness of plant species in green areas.