中国东北地区自然保护地数量特征分析

目的研究我国大型地理单元内自然保护地的数量特征对当下建设以国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系具有重要意义。方法本文以我国东北地区为研究范围，基于研究区内594处国家级自然保护地的基础信息，从建设类型、建设时期和自然生态系统类型3方面对我国东北地区国家级自然保护地的数量特征进行了综合分析，对范围重复的国家级自然保护地进行了筛查统计。结果我国东北地区的国家级自然保护地数量在1956—2016年的60年间，经历了停滞、发展、爆发3个阶段，无论是类型、数量还是面积，均呈上升趋势；受自然环境和社会等因素的影响，国家级自然保护地在研究区域内分布并不均衡，具有明显的区域性；范围存在交叉重叠的国家级自然保护地多达108处，尤以自然保护区和森林公园重叠最多；以自然保护地内主要自然生态系统类型对东北自然保护地进行归类，可将其大致归为6类，森林生态系统类和内陆湿地生态系统类在数量和面积上均占据优势，草原草甸类、荒漠与沙漠类和海洋海岸类生态系统受重视程度不高，存在相当大未受保护的区域。结论建议未来东北地区的自然保护地形式在保持多元化的同时，也应向系统化方向发展；自然保护地规划建设多从自然生态系统的空间分布出发，更注重自然保护地类型与典型自然生态系统的一致性，以便于建设和管理；对自然保护地集中的热点区域按照主要自然生态系统类型进行优化整合，通过建设国家公园，合并空间距离邻近，保护对象存在关联的自然保护地来减少重复。此研究结果可为我国东北地区国家公园和自然保护地的建设和管理提供科学的数据支撑。 

The quantitative characteristics of natural protected areas in Northeast China

ObjectiveAn in-depth analysis of the quantitative characteristics of national natural protected areas in large geographical units of China is crucial for reforming the protected area system and establishing an effective national park system.MethodBased on the data collected from 594 national natural protected areas in Northeast China, this paper examines their quantitative characteristics on the basis of three aspects: construction categories, construction periods and natural ecosystem, We also identified and calculated national natural protected areas that have overlapping boundaries.ResultThe results show that the establishment of national natural protected areas in Northeast China experienced three stages, namely the stage of stagnation, the initial develop stage and the stage of rapid development, suggesting the overall upward trend from 1956 to 2016. Affected by natural environmental and social factors, the distribution of national natural protected areas in the study area is uneven and patchy. There are as many as 108 national natural protected areas with overlapping scope, especially nature reserves and forest parks. According to ecosystems in the research area, it can be roughly classified into six categories, among which forest ecosystems and inland wetland ecosystems dominate in terms of quantity and area, grasslands and meadows, desert, ocean and coasts was overlooked, some parts of areas were not protected.ConclusionWe suggest that the future development of natural protected area in Northeast China can take into account both diversification and systematization. In regard to the planning and establishment of natural protected areas, we should focus on the spatial distribution of natural ecosystems and pay more attention to the consistency of natural protected area catigories with ecosystem types, in order to provide the convenient for construction and management. Optimize and integrate hot spots that natural protected areas gathered according to main natural ecosystem by construct national park, merge natural protected areas that spatial proximity, protected objects has association. This research will provide scientific data support for the establishment and management of national parks and natural protected areas in Northeast China.