食葵主要农艺性状的遗传变异及相关性和主成分分析

以275个食葵杂交组合为供试材料,对食葵的15个农艺性状进行变异系数、相关性和主成分分析。结果表明:①弯曲度、单盘粒重、产量、单盘粒数的变异系数较大,分别为29.3%、19.5%、19.2%、19.0%;②在相关性上,食葵产量和结实率、单盘粒重是密切相关的,而长势情况对产量的影响也非常大,结实率与籽粒长呈显著负相关,千粒重与单盘粒数、籽仁率为极显著负相关;③主成分分析结果表明,前7个主成分对变异的累计贡献率为84.90%,主成分1的性状均与食葵的产量性状有关,可称为食葵产量构成因子。主成分2的性状均与食葵的商品性状有关,可称为食葵商品质量构成因子;主成分3主要说明叶片越长,花盘直径越大;籽粒越长,但是结实率越低。因此在食葵杂交种和亲本选择时,应注意产量高、株高适中、植株生长健壮,籽粒较长、宽度适中,商品质量好的组合或自交系,所以在食葵杂交种选育过程中,要着重对第1、2、3主成分进行综合选择。

Analysis on Hereditary Variation,Correlation and Principal Components of Main Agronomic Characters in Confectionery Sunflower

In this study,hereditary variation,correlation and principal components of 15 agronomic characters from 275 hybridized combinations of confection sunflower were analyzed.The results showed that：①Variation coefficients of curvature,weight of capitulum achenes,yield and capitulum achenes（29.3%,19.5%,19.2%,19.0%） were large.②The yield of confection sunflower was closely correlated with the setting percentage and weight of capitulum achenes.And the influence of growth vigour on yield was very large.The setting percentage was significant negatively correlated with achene length,and the 1000-achenes weight was highly significant negatively correlated with capitulum achenes and kernel rate in achene.③The principal component analysis indicated that the cumulative contribution rate of preceding 7 components to variation was 84.90%.The first principal component＇s characters were all correlated with yield,so was called yield factors.The second principal component＇s characters were all correlated with commodity characters,so was called commodity character factors.The third principal component mainly showed that head diameter was larger when leaves were longer,but setting percentage was lower when achenes were longer.So the first,second and third principal components were important in choosing confection sunflower＇s hybrids and parents.And the combinations or inbred lines which growing strongly and have high yield,medium plant height,suitable achene length/width and good commodity characters should be the best choices.