黑龙江省冰雹灾害时空特征分析

为了了解黑龙江省冰雹灾害的历史特征,基于灰色理论和气象灾害普查资料对黑龙江省冰雹灾害的时空分布特征进行分析。结果表明:黑龙江省冰雹灾害主要发生在5～9月份,4月和10月发生较少,以5～6月最多,7、9月次之。冰雹频次随着时间推移有缓慢减少的趋势,冰雹导致的农作物受灾面积和可比经济损失在20世纪90年代前期以前较多,中期减少,后期略有增加。黑龙江省冰雹灾害划分为重雹灾区、中雹灾区、轻雹灾区和微雹灾区。重雹灾区包括佳木斯市、绥化市、鸡西市、黑河市、鹤岗市、哈尔滨市和齐齐哈尔市;轻雹灾区和微雹灾区位于黑龙江省北部的伊春市和大兴安岭地区。重灾区是黑龙江省粮食主产区、经济发达、文化繁荣、人口密集,气象灾害的承载体极其脆弱;轻灾区以林业为主,农业种植面积非常小,而且人口密度相对稀疏,因此冰雹灾害影响较轻。

Analysis on Temporal and Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Hail Disasters in Heilongjiang Province

The temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of hail disasters in Heilongjiang province were analyzed based on grey theory and the survey data of meteorological disasters to understand the history characteristics of hail disasters in Heilongjiang province.The results showed that:The hail disaster occurred mainly from May to October,and rarely in April and September,and most in May and June,followed by July and September.Hail frequency slowly decreased with the time.The affected crops’area and comparable economic losses caused by hail were more before the early 1990s,reduced in the mid-1990s,and increased slightly in the late 1990s.Hail disasters areas in Heilongjiang province were divided into heavy hail disaster area,medium hail disaster area,light hail area and micro-hail area.The heavy hail area referred to Jiamusi city,Suihua city,Jixi city,Heihe city,Hegang city,Harbin city and Qiqihar city;Light hail area and micro-hail area were located in Yichun city and Greater Hinggan Mountains areas,which were in the north of Heilongjiang province.The heavy hail area were the main grain producing areas in Heilongjiang province,where had developed economy,prosperous culture,dense population and had extremely fragile meteorological disaster carriers.The light hail areas were mainly forestry,which had very small acreage of agriculture,and had relatively sparse population density,so ithad less affected hail damage.