黑龙江省长残留除草剂应用及残留药害情况调查

目前生产上使用的长残留除草剂主要有氯嘧磺隆、咪草烟、氟磺胺草醚、异噁草松和莠去津。涉及药害的作物有大豆、水稻、玉米、亚麻、马铃薯、白瓜、甜菜及一些经济作物。为改善农业生态环境和促进农业生产,对黑龙江省长残留除草剂的使用及产生残留药害的情况进行了调查。结果表明:2012年黑龙江省长残留除草剂使用商品量7 659.2t,有效量2 473.8t,可用面积305.72万hm2次。2012年全省使用有效量比2011年增加18.16%。2012年全省长残留除草剂造成的残留药害面积达65.81万hm2次,药害发生面积最多的是黑河地区,达21.09万hm2次,其次是佳木斯地区18.88万hm2次,哈尔滨地区11.17万hm2次。建议限制和减少长残留除草剂的生产和使用,推广应用降低除草剂残留的新技术。

Investigation on Residue Herbicide Application and Residue Phytotoxicity in Heilongjiang Province

Long residual herbicides used in the production mainly included chlorimuron-ethyl, imazethapyr, fomesafen,dimethazon and atrazine currently. The crops involving phytotoxicity included soybean, rice, corn, flax, potatoes, white melon, beet and some economic crops. In order to improve agricultural ecological environment and promote agricultural production, the application of long residual herbicides and residual phytotoxicity of crops in Heilongjiang province were investigated in views of the area and crops. The results showed that the amount of long residual herbicide goods was 7 659.2 t, effective dose was 2 473. 8 t and available area was 305.72 million hm2 times used in Heilongjiang in 2012. The effective dose increased by 18.16 % than 2011. The area of residual phytotoxicity which due to long residual herbicides was 65.81 million hm^2 times,the most adr area of residual phytotoxicity was 21.09 million hm^2 times in Heihe,the second was 18.88 million hm^2 times in Jiamusi,and residual phytotoxicity of Harbin was 11.17 million hm^2 times. Therefore, advice to limit and reduce the production and usage of long residual herbicides, promote and apply new technologies which could eliminate residual herbicide pollution.