玉米生理成熟后籽粒脱水速率与主要农艺性状的相关分析

为选育脱水速率快的玉米新品种,以黑龙江省10个熟期相近而脱水速率差异较大的优良玉米自交系为试验材料,采用完全双列杂交设计配置杂交组合,对玉米的百粒重、穗粗等12个农艺性状与玉米生理成熟后籽粒脱水速率进行遗传相关和通径分析。结果表明:穗粗、穗行数、粒宽和胚重/胚乳重与玉米生理成熟后籽粒脱水速率之间均表现为显著或极显著正向相关;百粒重、穗长、胚占籽粒体积比和果皮厚度与玉米生理成熟后籽粒脱水速率之间均表现为极显著负向相关。通径分析结果表明:穗粗、穗行数、粒宽和胚重/胚乳重与玉米生理成熟后籽粒脱水速率直接通径系数为正值,百粒重、穗长、胚占籽粒体积比和果皮厚度与玉米生理成熟后籽粒脱水速率直接通径系数为负值。为获取脱水速率快的玉米,应主要选育果穗短粗、籽粒宽度较大、果皮薄和百粒重小的基因型的玉米杂交种。

Correlation Analysis on Dry-down Rate and Main Agricultural Traits in Maize after Physiological Maturity

In order to breed new maize variety with rapid dry-down rate,s set of complete diallel cross used 10 inbred lines with different dry-down rate in Heilongjiang province was adopted to study genetic correlation and path analysis between 12 main agricultural traits and dry-down rate after physiological maturity.The results showed that the performance of 4 traits including the ear diameter,rows per ear,kernel width and rate of embryo weight to endosperm weight were significantly positively corrected with kernel dry-down rate,and the performance of 4 traits including 100-kernels weight,ear length,volume rate of embryo to kernel and pericarp thickness were significantly negatively corrected with kernel dry-down rate.Path analysis showed that the direct path coefficients of 4 traits including the ear diameter,rows per ear,kernel width and rate of embryo weight to endosperm weight and kernel dry-down rate after physiological maturity were positive,and the 4 traits including 100-kernels weight,ear length,volume rate of embryo to kernel and pericarp thickness were negative.The maize hybrid with rapid dry-down rate should be wide and short ear,wide kernel,thin pericarp,low 100-kernels weight.