论空间科学计量学的研究与应用

目的/意义]空间科学计量学已成为科学计量学的重要研究领域,通过对空间科学计量学相关研究工作进行系统梳理、分析和归纳,以期为学者进行空间科学计量学研究提供参考借鉴。方法/过程]在对空间科学计量学概念辨析的基础上,梳理了空间科学计量学的研究主题、研究方法和有关可视化实践的内容。结果/结论]发现当前空间科学计量学研究多是基于科学信息的地理位置属性,综合运用文献计量方法、网络分析方法、模型构建和统计学方法、多指标构建方法开展科学合作、科研产出和知识流动等的研究。揭示了空间科学计量学研究仍然存在的问题和挑战,包括理论研究体系、方法适用性与效用性研究、数据分析来源和数据获取的准确性等多个方面。

Research and Application of Spatial Scientometrics

Purpose/Significance] As an important research field of scientometrics, spatial scientometrics has been specifically proposed by scholars to discuss the spatial aspects of scientific research activities. At present, scholars at home and abroad have carried out quantitative research of spatial scientometrics, covering almost all aspects of scientometrics; however, there is little systematic review of the concept and research progress of spatial scientometrics. This article systematically reviews, analyzes, and summarizes the related research work of spatial scientometrics, with an aim to provide a reference for scholars to carry out spatial scientometrics research. Method/Process] Based on the introduction of the concept of scientometrics and spatial scientometrics, this paper uses the literature research method to expound from three aspects including research theme, research method and visualization practice. Results/Conclusions] The research finds that the current spatial scientometrics research is mainly based on the geographical location attributes of scientific information, and comprehensively uses bibliometric methods, network analysis methods, model construction and statistical methods, and multi-indicators construction methods to examine scientific collaboration, scientific research output and knowledge flow. This research also reveals the remaining problems and challenges in spatial scientometrics. First, in terms of the theoretical research system, spatial scientometrics essentially serves a specific field of scientometrics research, drawing on technical methods from the fields of computer science, network science, and economic geography, and has not formed a relatively independent theoretical system. Second, in terms of method applicability and utility research, its method selection is also arbitrary. Regarding the same research problems, researchers usually choose their own and familiar methods and tools based on experience. Thus, it is difficult to accurately evaluate the scientificity and validity of their analysis results, and even different research methods and tools reveal opposed so-called "characteristics and laws". Third, in terms of data analysis sources, the existing research is mostly around the data collected from Web of Science and Scopus databases. However, for a comprehensive and objective analysis of the spatial structure of scientific activities, other forms of data should be considered such as reports, the fund-funded projects and policy documents. Last, for data acquisition, when using the literature database to conduct quantitative research, since many well-known institutions and companies are not centrally distributed organizations, it is difficult to guarantee the author's real address. Due to the different scope and definition criteria of cities in different countries, an analysis of city-level data would affect the accuracy of the analysis results.