浑善达克沙地淡水养殖试验研究

草原畜牧业是浑善达克地区的主体经济，虽然多年来严重超载过牧，但是经济发展非常缓慢。近年来草场的退化和沙化日趋严重，极大的制约着当地牧民的生产和生活，并且对周边地区的生态安全造成了巨大的威胁。沙漠化程度已发展到了非治不可的地步。在开展浑善达克沙地植被恢复与风沙环境综合治理的同时，有必要引导牧民调整产业结构，因地制宜的培育新产业，进行沙地经济综合开发。因为浑善达克沙地有较多的淡水淖尔，我们在一些地区作了淡水养殖试验及研究，结果表明，浑善达克沙地的水域养鱼是完全可行的，它的水体营养丰富，适宜于不同栖息习性的鱼类生活。有利于多种鱼类混养。小水面季节性养殖，应投放尽可能大的鱼苗，以生长较快的草鱼、鲤鱼和鲢鱼为主；大水面深水越冬养殖的效果较好，应以鲤鱼、鲫鱼、草鱼和鲢鱼为主。因此，应充分利用沙地内较多的淡水淖尔开展多种经营。

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON FRESHWATER FISHERY IN HUNSHANDAK SANDS

Animal husbandry is a main form of economy in Hunshandak area. In spite of severe overgrazing in many years, the development of economy remains slow. In recent years, grassland deterioration and desertification become more and more critical, which hinders the local herders' production and life as well as threatens ecological safety of the areas around it. The desertification combating should be taken into consideration immediately. At the time of restoring vegetation and comprehensively harnessing environment of wind and sand, it is necessary to guide herders to adjust the structure of industry, to develop new industries suitable to the local conditions, to exposit sandy economy comprehensively. There are many freshwater lakes in Hunshandak Sands. The results of the raising experiment in freshwater lakes indicated of that it is practicable to farm fish in water areas of Hunshandak Sands. There are abundant nutrition here, which can fit the needs of fishes with different habit and characteristic and is benefit to mixed farming of many kinds of fish. For seasonal raising in small water areas, it is good to throw in fry as big as possible and give first place to grass carp,carp and silver carp that grow quickly. Raising fishes that can survive in the winter at large water areas deep water is better and should give first place to carp, crucian carp, grass carp and silver carp. As a result, it is a good measure of desertification combating to make best use of freshwater lakes in Hunshandak Sands to develop diversified economy.