建国以来中国高粱发展历程及发展趋势

高粱以其高产、抗旱、耐瘠、耐涝、耐盐碱的特性及秆、穗的多种用途 ,历史上一直是中国北方人民赖以生活的重要作物 ,已有 5 0 0 0年的栽培历史。 2 0世纪初至今 ,中国高粱生产大体经过了自然品种利用、杂种优势利用及栽培目的转型三个阶段。中国的高粱品种改良始于 2 0世纪初叶 ,当时仅有少数农业科研和教学单位进行高粱品种的收集、保存和研究工作。 5 0年代以后 ,全国各科研单位在系统选育新品种的基础上普遍开展杂交育种工作 ,育成不少新品种在生产上大面积推广利用。 80年代是中国高粱育种全面发展时期 ,同时也是高粱生产的转型期 ,育种目标逐步向专用型调整 ,酿造、饲用等专用高粱品种相继问世和推广 ,对酿造业和畜牧业的发展产生了积极的作用。

Development and Tendency of Chinese Sorghum Since the Founding of P. R. China

Due to its high yield, resistance to drought,waterlodgging and saline-alkali soil, and multiple utilizations of its stalks and ears, sorghum is the leading crop for people in northern China. Since the beginning of 20th century, sorghum production in China has passed three stages of natural variety utilization, hybrids utilization and transformation of cultivation purposes. Sorghum breeding started at the beginning of 20th century when sorghum variety's collection, reservation and research conducted only in several research and education institutions. Since the 50s hybrid breeding was popular and many new varieties have been developed and widely applied in production. During 80s sorghum breeding came to a all-around development stage and started a new stage of transformation. The breeding emphysis turn into special purpose like brewing and feeding and corespondent purposes sorghum have been bred which plays an important role to brewing industry and animal farming.