晋南旱区夏闲麦田保墒节本增效耕作技术研究

针对晋南半干旱农区夏休闲麦田传统耕作体系过度而频繁的耕作所引起的土壤易蒸发失墒、水蚀严重、土壤结构破坏、能耗增加等不利于旱作农业生产的问题,连续3年在运城市盐湖区、临猗县等地开展了夏休闲麦田保墒节本增效耕作技术的试验研究,逐步形成了完善可行的简化耕作体系。其技术要点:小麦机械收获后,全部麦茬麦草不出地,摊匀后用旋耕耙作业一次,将高茬麦草覆盖于地表,休闲期不深翻、不耙耱,在小麦播种前不再进行旋耕或深翻整地,直接用硬茬播种机一次施肥和播种,不破坏覆盖在地表的麦草层,每隔三年深松一次。3年系统试验结果,显示出该技术体系适合我国干旱半干旱及半湿润易旱气候特征、以种植冬小麦为主并采用休闲越夏的一年一熟地区,可以取代以翻耕、耙耱为主的传统耕作方法,从而实现节约生产成本,有效利用资源的目的,推动这一地区旱地农业生产的可持续发展。

Preservation Technique of Soil Moisture in Estival Free Cornfield of Dry Area in the South of Shanxi Province

According to the problems causes by traditional farming technique in estival free cornfield of Jinnan semiarid farmland,an experimental investigation of a new soil moisture preservation technique has been carried on for three years in Yanhu District and Linyi County of Yuncheng city.The experiment shows that: this technique system is suitable for the semiarid and arid climate of our country,and can be applied in winter wheat planting area.The application of this new technique,not only can save the output cost,but also can promote the sustainable development of dry farming of this area.