山西省日光节能温室蔬菜施肥现状、存在问题及建议

对分布在山西省南部和中部栽培年限在1～15年的160余个日光节能温室施肥现状进行了调查,结果表明,(1)山西省日光节能温室施N量高达1 500～2 400 kg/hm2,施P量高达370～620 kg/hm2,施K量高达1 200～2 000 kg/hm2,远远高于蔬菜需肥量,尤其是P的使用量几乎是蔬菜对P吸收量的5～10倍;(2)农民习惯施用的N,P,K比例为2～4∶1∶1.8～4,与蔬菜N,P,K养分吸收比例不相符;(3)50%以上的N,P和30%左右的K是以有机肥形式提供;60%～70%的N,70%的P和30%～50%的K以底肥施入,而蔬菜生长前期植物生长比较缓慢,需肥量较少,会导致肥料淋洗和浪费。针对上述生产现状提出了相应的建议与对策。

Present Situation of Fertilizer Application, Its Problems and Suggestions Concerning Vegetable Production under Conditions of Solar-greenhouse

Situation of fertilizer application in more than 160 solar-greenhouses, which have been cultivated for 1 to 15 years, were investigated. The results demonstrated that N, P and K application rates were as high as 1 500～ 2 400 kg/hm~2, 370 ～ 620 kg/hm~2 and 1 200 ～ 2 000 kg/hm~2, respectively. N, P and K application ratio did not match their requirements by vegetables; in which more than half of N and P, 30% of K were supplied as manure. Although small amount of nutrient was required just after vegetables were transplanted, majority of N, P and half of K were usually supplied before transplanting. Suggestions were made to the problems of vegetable production under conditions of solar-greenhouse.