优质长绒棉新种质系的创新研究

以栽培种陆地棉(G.hirsutnm,2n=52)晋棉6号和科遗2号作母本,父本选用具有高强纤维性状、兼多抗的野生种(G.anomalum,2n=26),采用激素处理和染色体加倍的方法获得优质、长绒、早熟等远缘杂交低代材料;应用棉花半配合育种技术,快速稳定这些长绒株系,以克服远杂后代的疯狂分离,采用杂交、回交、聚合杂交的手段,改善其纤维品质,同时进行产量鉴定、纤维品质测定、抗病虫鉴定,最后筛选出5个综合性状优良的长绒棉远缘杂交新种质系。

Study on New Germplasm Innovation of High Quality Long-staple Cotton

Crosses were made with upland cotton cuhivars Jinmian 6 and Keyi 2 as the female parents, wild species of high strength fiber traits and polyclonal antibody as male parents, to low generation material of high quality, long pile and precocious by distant hy- bridization obtained through hormone treatment and chromosome doubling; the distant hybrid progenies were stabilized rapidly by using cotton semigamy breeding technology. The long-term crazy separation phenomenon have overcome in the characters of distant hybridiza- tion offspring, measures of cross, backcross and polymerization cross were applied to improve its fiber quality, identification of disease and insect resistance at the mean time. Finally, five new lines of long-staple cotton were selected, whose comprehensive characters are excellent.