杏基因性状遗传规律分析

分析了26个杏杂交组合F_1 1235个体亲子代基因性状的遗传规律,结果表明,F_1开花期和果实成熟期比亲本平均推迟1～2周,Rossolella是晚花型亲本,Sundrop和S Castrese可作为早熟亲本;早花性与早熟性(r=0.44)和亲子代果实成熟期(r=0.55)均呈正相关;亲子代丰产性的遗传力极低,且在F_1广泛分离;子代的平均树势弱于亲本,从Hatif Colomer,Prete和Buttianese后代中可获得矮化、半矮化个体;F_1平均果个小于亲本,而Ivonne Liverani,Prete和Sundrop可作为大果亲本;果形呈数量性状遗传,F_1中,圆形和椭圆形个体明显占优势,桔红色相对于红色和黄色呈隐性,黄肉个体占绝对优势,从红肉果亲本中可分离出白肉果后代,但机率极低;F_1果实风味呈退化趋势,人工杂交子代果实风味的育种值高于自由授粉后代;子代果肉硬度的平均值低于亲本平均值,自由授粉后代果肉硬度的分离度明显高于人工杂交;离核属显性性状,由F基因控制,与粘核(半粘核)个体成3:1比例。

Inheritance Analysis on Genetic Characters of Apricot Seedlings

Analysis on twelve genetic traits of 1235 apricot seedlings obtained from 25 openpollihated progenies and controlled cross of Hellin x Harcot provided evidence on the type of inheritance involved. Both blooming and ripening time of the progenies was 1 or 2 weeks later than the average of the parents Cultivars Blenril, Cardinale, Rival. Rossolella and Buttianese were late blooming parents, while earlier ripening parents were Buttianese, Sundrop and S. Castrese. In general, the earlier the blooming was, the earlier the ripening was. Although the parents were high cropping, the progenies averaged much lower and the distribution of productivity varied widely. The plant vigor of progenies was a little less than that of the parents. Semi-dwarf and dwarf seedlings could be expected in Hatif Colomer, Prete and Buttianese progenies. Fruit size in the progenies tended to be smaller. Ivonne liverani, Prete and Sundrop induced large fruit in their progeny. The shape of fruit was inherited quantitatively. Round and elliptic fruit occurred most frequently in these populations. The orange skin colour of the fruit was recessive to the red and even yellow colour; quantitative inheritance was involved in the transmission of yellow, red and orange colouring. Yellow flesh colour was dominant to orange and white colour, white flesh fruit could be obtained from reddish flesh fruit parents. The fruit flavor in the progenies was poorer than that of the parents, the average flavor value of the progenies from controlled cross was high er than that from open pollinated crosses. The mean value of firmness of the progenies was lower than that of the parents, the distribution of firmness value of progeny from open pollinated crosses was more dispersive than that from controlled ones. The free-stone character was dominant over cling-stone(semi-cling) with the inheritance mode of 3:1 ratio.