桃杂交后代基因性状遗传分析

分析了12个桃杂交组合(杂交亲本包括6个普通型、5个半矮化和2个矮化品种(系))F1的1 361单系5个数量性状的遗传力,包括盛花期,果实成熟期,果实大小、颜色和风味及果形、果肉硬度、果肉颜色,丰产性,核黏离性状,树体大小和果实品质的遗传规律。结果表明,盛花期、果实成熟期、果实大小和颜色的遗传力(H2)为0.3～0.5,果实风味遗传力较低;圆形果个体相对于椭圆形、卵圆形和扁圆形果个体呈显性,比例为76∶12∶8∶4;后代的平均果肉硬度较双亲平均果肉硬度低0.2级(最大为5级);所有黄肉亲本的F1个体果肉颜色广泛分离,黄肉个体显著高于白肉和红肉个体;子代的丰产性比双亲平均丰产性低1级,然而,亲本组合7310828(海尔×波南萨)×波南萨和49号(Fortyniner)×7310902(海尔×波南萨)组合获得丰产单系的几率高;通常离核相对于黏(半离)核呈显性,杂交组合7310828×波南萨的后代例外;F1群体的平均果实品质比亲本退化2级(最高为5级)左右;49号×7310828和亨利(O'Henry)自由授粉后代中获得全红、大果、黄肉优系的几率高;乔化单系的几率显著高于矮化、半矮化单系,其比例为82∶14∶4;柱型桃皮勒(Pillar)是强健、直立实生个体的理想亲本。

Analysis on Heritability of Genetic Traits in Progeny of Peach

Heritability of quantitative genetic traits like full bloom date,fruit ripening date,fruit size/ color/ flavor of peach(Prunus persica L.) were analyzed on the base of the records collected during 5 years 1987 to 1991 from 1 361 peach seedlings of 12 crosses including 6 standard,5 semi-dwarf and 2 dwarf varieties and selections at the Fruit Experiment Institute of Rome,Italy.The heritability of the other 7 traits,such as fruit shape,flesh firmness and color,productivity,flesh adhesion,plant size and fruit q...