北方地区养分调控对蒙古黄芪生长及药用成分的影响

大田试验条件下,通过N、P、K单因素试验和L9(3^4)正交试验,分析1年生蒙古黄芪在不同因子水平及多因子配施下植株表观生长量(株高、地径、根粗、根长、地上鲜质量、地下鲜质量、冠根比)和根系药用成分(毛蕊异黄酮苷、刺芒柄花苷、毛蕊异黄酮、多糖)质量分数变化。结果表明:不同氮素水平,N3的株高、根粗(R0,R1)、地下鲜质量与N2差异不显著,但显著高于N1和CK(P<0.05),N2的毛蕊异黄酮苷、刺芒柄花苷、毛蕊异黄酮质量分数显著最高,多糖却最低(P<0.05)。不同磷素水平,除根长、冠根比外,其他表观生长量差异不显著(P>0.05);P3的毛蕊异黄酮苷质量分数显著最高,毛蕊异黄酮和多糖质量分数P2显著较高(P<0.05)。不同钾素水平下,株高、地上鲜质量表现为K2与K3差异不显著,但显著高于K1和CK(P<0.05),根粗、地下鲜质量、多糖质量分数K2显著高于其他处理(P<0.05),其他药用成分差异不显著(P>0.05)。N、P、K配施条件下,株高、根粗(R1)、地下鲜质量主要受N素影响显著,而根长生长受K素的影响最为显著;毛蕊异黄酮苷和刺芒柄花苷质量分数受N、K元素影响显著,而多糖质量分数受N、K、P影响均达显著水平(P<0.05),影响效果由大到小的顺序为N、K、P。单元素施肥时, N2、P2、K2对蒙古黄芪植株生长及药用成分积累均有显著促进作用;三元素配施时,处理5(N2P2K3)有利于蒙古黄芪植株生长及根系多糖积累,而处理9(N1P2K2)有利于黄酮类物质的积累;建议种植生产中,根据目标收获物进行定向施肥管理。

Effects of Nutrient Regulation on the Growth and Medicinal Components of Astragalus membranaceus var. mong- holicusin Northern China

Under the field experiment conditions, the N, P and K single factor experiment and L9(3^4) orthogonal test were carried out to investigate the apparent plant growth(plant height, ground diameter, root diameter, root length, fresh weight on the ground, underground fresh weight, crown root ratio) and root medicinal componentscontent(campanulin, formononetin, calycosin, polysaccharide), and further analyzed changes of those data of current seedling under different factor levels and multiple factor combinations. Under different nitrogen levels, N3 had lack difference in plant height, root diameter(R0, R1) and underground fresh weight with N2, but significantly higher than N1 and CK(P<0.05), while the contents of medicinal components of N2, cmpanulin, ononin, and calycosin, were significantly higher than the others, but polysaccharides content was significantly lower than the others(P<0.05). Under different phosphorus levels, except root length and A/U value, the other apparent growth indicators were not significantly different among different levels(P>0.05). Calycosin-7-glucoside of P3 was significantly higher than others, but calycosinand polysaccharide contents of P2 were significantly the highest(P<0.05). Under different potassium levels, K2 had lack difference in plant height and aboveground fresh weight with K3, but significantly higher than K1 and CK(P<0.05). Moreover, K2 was significantly higher than other levels in root diameter, underground fresh weight and polysaccharides content, but was lack significant difference on the content of cmpanulin, ononin, and calycosin(P>0.05). Under the mix application of N, P and K, plant height, root diameter R1 and underground fresh weight were significantly affected by N element, while root length were significantly affected by K element. The contents of campanulin and ononin were significantly affected by N and K combined action, while the polysaccharides were significantly affected by N, K and P together(P<0.05), the descending order of element influence was N, K and P. So, when applying single element fertilizer, N2, P2 and K2 significantly promoted the growth of Astragalus mongolicus and the accumulation of medicinal components. When the three elements were applied together, the treatment 5(N2P2K3) was beneficial to the growth of A. mongolicus and the accumulation of root polysaccharides, while the treatment 9(N1P2K2) was beneficial to the accumulation of flavonoids. So, it is suggested that targeted fertilization management should be carried out according to the target harvest.