不同无核葡萄品种花粉贮藏及其生活力的测定

以‘京丰无核’‘爱神玫瑰’‘杨格尔’‘奥迪亚无核’和‘奇妙无核’5个葡萄品种的花粉为试验材料,撒播在10%蔗糖+10 mg·L~(-1)硼酸+6 g·L~(-1)琼脂的培养基上进行离体培养,研究不同处理方法(液氮未处理、液氮处理)、不同温度(25、0、-20、-40、-80℃)、不同贮藏时间(1、3、5 d)对5种葡萄花粉生活力的影响。结果表明:‘爱神玫瑰’的单花药花粉量最多,达到(5 446±80)粒;‘京丰无核’的新鲜花粉生活力最高,为(68.19±2.98)%,‘奇妙无核’的新鲜花粉没有萌发。液氮未处理和处理后观察发现,液氮处理后花粉生活力远远低于液氮未处理的,液氮未处理的同一品种不同处理花粉生活力对比发现,最适宜长期贮藏的温度是-80℃,其次是-40℃,25、4、-20℃条件下贮藏花粉生活力降低较快。不同品种花粉贮藏后,‘京丰无核’花粉萌发率最高,为(55.87±1.14)%,较差的是‘杨格尔’,其花粉萌发率比‘京丰无核’花粉萌发率低17.84%,‘奇妙无核’没有萌发,杂交授粉时,适宜的父本为‘京丰无核’‘爱神玫瑰’与‘奥迪亚无核’。

Pollen Storage Condition and Viability of Different Seedless Grape Cultivars

With the pollen of five grapes of Jingfeng Seedless,Eggplant,Youngle,Otilia Seedless and Fantasy Seedless,and the medium of 10％ sucrose+10 mg · L-1 boric acid+6 g · L-1 agar,we studied the effects of different treatment conditions (Liquid nitrogen treatment,or not),different temperature (25 ℃,0 ℃,-20 ℃,-40 ℃,-80 ℃) and different storage time (1,3,5 d) on the pollen viability.The pollen amount of the single anther of Eggplant was 5 446±80,it was the largest number.The highest fresh pollen viability was Jingfeng Seedless of (68.19±2.98)％.The fresh pollen viability of Fantasy Seedless was the lowest,it could not germinate.Before all these pollens were storied,they were treated by liquid nitrogen or not,the effect of no liquid nitrogen was better.Under the condition of no liquid nitrogen,-80 ℃ was the most appropriate storage temperature.The better appropriate storage temperature was-40 ℃.A large difference was among different grape cultivars.Jingfeng Seedless pollen germination rate was the largest of (55.87±1.14)％,and Youngle pollen germination rate was the smallest.These suitable male parents were Jingfeng Seedless,Eggplant and Otilia Seedless.