叶面喷肥对板栗地上器官氮磷分配的影响

以板栗‘燕山早丰’(Castanea mollissima‘Yanshanzaofeng’)为试验材料,研究了花芽分化前期不同次数(1、2、3、4次,分别记为T1、T2、T3、T4,CK为对照)的叶面喷肥对展叶期和花期板栗地上器官氮、磷分配和雌雄花序比的影响。结果表明:除花期板栗营养枝叶片的氮质量分数外,在展叶期、花期经T3处理板栗地上器官的氮、磷质量分数均高于其他处理的,且经T3处理的雌雄花序比最高。展叶期氮质量分数总体由大到小表现为花、叶片、顶梢、枝条,且花的磷质量分数也最高,N质量分数/P质量分数总体由大到小表现为叶片、花、顶梢、枝条;而花期以叶片氮质量分数最高,雌雄花的磷质量分数最高,叶片的N质量分数/P质量分数最高。且花期板栗地上各器官的氮、磷质量分数均低于展叶期,花期雌雄花、枝条的N质量分数/P质量分数也小于展叶期的,但叶片的N质量分数/P质量分数较展叶期增加。相关分析表明,展叶期板栗花与枝条的氮、磷质量分数,花期雌花簇与雄花序的氮、磷质量分数,雌雄花序比与展叶期花、花期雌花簇的氮、磷质量分数均呈显著或极显著正相关,表明雌雄花发育与营养状况尤其磷质量分数密切相关。总之,T3处理,即在花芽分化前期叶面喷施3次对当地板栗地上器官氮、磷营养积累效果最佳。

Effects of Spraying Fertilizer on N and P Distribution in Above-ground Organs of Chinese Chestnut

We studied the effects of spraying fertilizer for different times (T1: one time, T2: two times, T3: three times, T4: four times, CK: the control treatment) before flower bud differentiation stage on N and P nutrient distribution and the proportion of male and female flowers in above-ground organs of Chinese chestnut ''Yanshanzaofeng'' (Castanea mollissima ''Yanshanzaofeng'') during leaf expansion period and flowering period.The maximum content of N and P of different organs were in T3, except the content of N of leaves of nutrition branch during flowering period.The proportion of male and female flowers of Chinese chestnut in T3 was highest.The content of N ranked in descending order of flowers, leaves, top shoot and branches, the maximum content of P was in flowers, N/P ratio ranked in descending order of leaves, flowers, top shoot, and branches during leaf expansion period.The maximum content of N was in leaves, the maximum content of P was in male and female flowers, the highest N/P ratio was in leaves during flowering period.The content of N and P in above-ground organs of Chinese chestnut during flowering period were lower than leaf expansion period, N/P ratio of male and female flowers and branches during flowering period were lower than leaf expansion period, while N/P ratio of leaves during flowering period was higher than leaf expansion period.The correlation analysis showed that the contents of N and P of flowers were significantly positively correlated to branches during leaf expansion period.The contents of N and P of female flower cluster were significantly positively correlated to male inflorescence during flowering period.The proportion of male and female flowers was significantly positively correlated to the content of N and highly significantly positively correlated to the content of P of flowers during leaf expansion period and female flower cluster during flowering period.The development of male and female flowers was closely related to nutritional status especially the content of P.Therefore, T3 had the best effect on N, P accumulation of above-ground organs of Chinese chestnut