枫香优良种源及家系早期选择

以中国24个种源310个家系的枫香作为研究材料,采用完全随机区组设计,对6年生枫香林进行调查,选取材积,胸径、树高等生长指标进行优良家系和单株选择。结果表明,种源间的生长各性状差异均达到了极显著水平,最佳种源为重庆丰都、云南富宁、广东翁源、广西岑溪、福建建瓯、江西湖城、河南南阳、甘肃康县、浙江开化、江西婺源、广西凭祥、江西铜鼓、河南商城、湖北松滋、湖北大悟等,其材积、胸径及树高生长量较总体平均值分别提高了6.26%、9.76%、27.45%;不同枫香家系间的材积、胸径和树高都存在极显著差异,各性状的家系遗传力均属于中等遗传控制;树高的家系遗传力和单株遗传力最大,分别为0.469 4和0.519 2,胸径(0.401 4)家系遗传力大于材积(0.385 7),但材积(0.390 9)单株遗传力高于胸径(0.377 8);通过初选和优选,共选出优良家系49个,入选率为15.81%,入选的优良家系胸径、树高和材积的平均值分别为5.55 cm、4.57 m和0.006 004 85 m3,分别高于总体平均值的25%、17%和69%,材积(0.060 7~0.624 4)的遗传增益明显大于胸径(0.036 6~0.185 8)和树高(0.031 4~0.145 3);选出优良单株38株,入选率为1.02%,其平均胸径、平均树高和平均材积分别为7.65 cm,5.49 m和0.012 314 776 m3,分别高于总体平均值72.08%、41.25%和246.33%。

Early Selection of Fine Families and Individuals of Liquidambar formosana

With 310 families of 24 provenance of Liquidambar formosana, we used randomized block design to measure the diameter at breast height (DBH), tree height and volume and select fine families and individuals at the age of six years.In 310 families, there is abounding variation, and there are significant differences in DBH, tree height and volume, the family heritability of growth traits of L.formosana from different provenances belong to moderate genetic control.Both family heritability (0.4694) and individual heritability (0.5192) of tree height are highest, and family heritability of DBH (0.4014) is larger than that of volume (0.3857), while the individual heritability of volume (0.3909) is larger than that of DBH (0.3778).The 49 fine families are selected with 15.81%, and the mean values of DBH, tree height and volume of fine families are 5.55cm, 4.57m and 0.00600485m3, which are 25%, 17% and 69% higher than overall mean values, respectively.The genetic gains of volume (0.0607-0.6244) are greater than that of DBH (0.0366-0.1858) and tree height (0.0314-0.1453).The 38 fine individuals are selected with 1.02%, and the mean values of DBH, tree height and volume of fine individuals are 7.65cm, 5.49m and 0.012314776m3, which are 72.08%, 41.25% and 246.33% higher than overall mean values, respectively.