城市森林物种多样性——以哈尔滨城市林业示范基地为例

通过多样性、均匀度、丰富度和生态优势度指数等指标,研究了哈尔滨城市森林4种人工林群落的物种多样性。通过对4种林型乔、灌、草三层的物种多样性指数进行加权,求出不同林型群落的多样性各项水平差异,结果表明:白桦林的Simpson指数(0.757)、Shannon-Wiener指数(1.678)和均匀度Pielou指数(0.797)均较大,说明白桦林群落的物种多样性强和物种分布比较均匀;水曲柳林的丰富度Menhinick指数(1.325)和生态优势度指数(0.367)最高,说明其群落的物种丰富程度较大,且物种优势种表现突出。草本层在同一林型内的多样性各项指数(除了生态优势度指数外)均为最高,说明4种林型的草本层均具有较好的物种多样性,物种分布比较均匀和物种丰富度较大。在水曲柳林和樟子松林内乔木层的生态优势度指数最高,表现出乔木层的优势种比较突出;而在白桦林和兴安落叶松林内灌木层的优势种比较突出。综合来看,城市森林中的阔叶林在物种多样性特征方面优于针叶林。

Species Diversity in Urban Forest-A Case Study of City Forestry Demonstration Base in Harbin

We studied the species diversity of four artificial forests based on index of diversity,uniformity,richness and ecological dominance.Based on weighted species diversity index on the levels of arbor-shrub-grass,we compared the species diversity of four forest types.Simpson index (0.757),Shannon-Wiener index (1.678) and Pielou index (0.797) of Betula platyphylla forest are the highest among four types of forests.B.platyphylla forest is with good species diversity and uniform species distribution.Fraxinus mandshurica forest is highest in Menhinick index (1.325) and the ecological dominance (0.367) index with higher species richness and the dominant species.The diversity indexes (besides ecological dominance index) are highest in grass layer in the four forest types,indicating the grass layer is with better species diversity,species richness and more uniform in species distribution.The ecological dominance index is the highest in arbor layer of F.mandshurica forest and Pinus sylvestris forest.The dominant species are prominent in shrub layer of B.platyphylla and Larix gmelinii forest.Therefore,for the urban forest,the hardwood forest is better than coniferous forest in species diversity.