海拔和坡向对北亚热带檫木天然次生林生长、空间结构和树种组成的影响

基于对北亚热带檫木天然次生林的野外调查和数据分析,研究了海拔和坡向对檫木生长、空间结构和树种组成等方面的影响。结果表明:在海拔1 000 m以上山地,檫木的胸径和树高生长量及胸径/树高均差于海拔1 000 m以下的山地,人工林造林地选择宜在海拔1 000 m以下;随阳坡→半阳坡→半阴坡→阴坡坡位变化,檫木生长量和胸径/树高呈逐渐减小趋势。阳坡和半阳坡差异不显著,是理想的檫木造林坡向;檫木纯林或者混交林可以采用均匀造林模式。在海拔500 m以下阳坡,可以实现混交增产造林树种的混交伴生树种为杉木、香樟和枫香;在海拔500 m以下半阳坡,混交伴生树种为杉木、亮叶桦、枫香和枳椇;在海拔500~1 000 m的阳坡山地,混交伴生树种为甜槠、枫香和木荷;在海拔500~1 000 m的半阳坡山地,混交伴生树种为木荷、麻栎、杜英、枫香和紫茎。初步解决了北亚热带山地檫木分布区划分、空间结构变化及互利混交树种等问题,可以为檫木人工造林的林地选择、造林模式和混交伴生树种选取等方面提供理论依据。

Effects of Altitude and Aspect on Stand Growth,Spatial Structure and Tree species Composition with the Sassafras tsumu Natural Secondary Forest in the Northern Subtropical Zone,China

By the field investigation and data analysis with Mount Huang Sassafras tsumu (Hemsl.) Hemsl.natural secondary forest in the northern subtropical zone, we studied the stand growth, spatial structure and tree species composition of the different altitude and aspect.The diameter at breast height (DBH) and total height (TH) of stand growth and DBH/TH below 1000m elevation are superior to above 1000m elevation.With aspect changing from the sunny slope, the semi-sunny slope, the semi-cloudy slope to the cloudy slope, DBH and TH of the stand growth and DBH/TH with S.tsumu are decreased.The S.tsumu pure and mixed forest plantations take uniform distribution afforestation patterns.The overyielding tree species mixed with S.tsumu change with the different altitude and aspect.That is, Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook., Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Presl and Liquidambar formosana Hance are below 500m with the cloudy slope;Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook., Betula luminifera H.Winkl., Liquidambar formosana Hance and Hovenia acerba Lindl.are below the 500m with the semi-cloudy slope;Castanopsis eyrei (Champ.ex Benth.) Tutch., Liquidambar formosana Hance and Schima superba Gardn.et Champ.are between 500 and 1000m with the cloudy slope;Schima superba Gardn.et Champ., Quercus acutissima Carr., Elaeocarpus decipiens Hemsl., Liquidambar formosana Hance and Stewartia sinensis Rehd.Et Wils.are between 500 and 1000m with the semi-cloudy slope.