木质材料的表面劣化与木材保护的研究

本试验以枫桦(Betula costata Trautv)、紫椴(Tilia amurensis Rupr)木材单板和凸版纸、新闻纸、条纹牛皮纸、书写纸、胶版纸和朴克原纸为试材,借助于电子自旋共振波谱仪和扫描电子显微镜观测和分析了经室内、外暴露和人造紫外光辐射期间各种木质材料表面化学和表面性状的变化;提出了抑制木材表面劣化,保护木材的处理方法。研究结果表明,采用电子自旋共振波谱仪和扫描电子显微镜可以监测木质材料的劣化过程。采用化学药剂处理和油漆涂饰处理均可抑制紫外光对木材表面的光化降解,其中用浓度为5％的三氧化铬溶液或三氯化铁溶液处理木材其保护作用显著,能够改善木材的耐候性能。

SURFACE DETERIORATION AND PROTECTION OF LIGNOCELLULOSIC MATERIAL

Change in the surface chemistry and surface properties of various lignocellulosic materials of veneers of boss wood (Tillia amurensis Rupr.), veneers of birchwood (Betula costata Trautv.), relief paper, newsprint, striped kraft paper, writting paper, offset paper and play card base paper, which were undertone during outdoor and indoor exposure or radiation by artificial UV (Ultra Violet) light, were examined and analysed by ESR (Electron Spin Resonance) and SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope), The methods of restraining the surface deterioration of wood and protecting wood were proposed. The result indicated that the deterioration process of lignocellulosic materials could be monitored by ESR or SEM, by either chemical treatment or paint varnishing treatment, the surface photochemically degradation by UV light of wood was restrained. particularly, by using concentration of 5% CrO_3 or 5% FeCl_3 solution, the obvious protective effect could be achieved and thus the weather-resistance ability of wood could be improved.