美国白蛾生长发育对寄主植物不同次生代谢物质的适应性

为探明林木叶部害虫美国白蛾(Hyphantria cunea)对寄主的适应性,分析了寄主植物不同次生代谢物质对其生长发育的影响。分别用含有单宁(5、50 mg·g-1)、黄酮(3、8 mg·g-1)、肉桂酸(3、8 mg·g-1)、水杨甙(15、150 mg·g-1)、对羟基苯甲酸(5、50 mg·g-1)的人工饲料,饲喂美国白蛾幼虫,观察记录幼虫的生长发育状况。结果表明:取食含有次生代谢物质的饲料后,各处理组4~6龄幼虫的体质量、体长、头壳宽和蛹质量均不同程度的低于对照,且高质量分数处理组不同程度的低于低质量分数处理组;其中,单宁处理组与对照差异显著(P<0.05)。单宁处理组幼虫未至化蛹全部死亡,其余处理组的幼虫存活率与对照差异不显著(P>0.05);黄酮和肉桂酸处理组的化蛹率和羽化率与对照差异不显著,黄酮处理组的发育历期显著延长,水杨甙低质量分数处理组化蛹率显著高于对照组,对羟基苯甲酸高质量分数处理组羽化率显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。综上,美国白蛾对寄主林木不同质量分数的不同次生代谢物具有逐渐解毒适应能力,对不同次生代谢物的适应能力不同,其中对单宁的适应能力最差。

Adaptability of Larval Growth and Development in Hyphantria cunea to Different Host Plant Secondary Metabolites

To determine the adaptability of larval growth and development in Hyphantria cunea to different host plant secondary metabolites,we observed and measured the effects of different host plant secondary metabolites on the larval growth and development of H.cunea by feeding the larvae with artificial diets containing two doses of tannin(5 and 50 mg·g-1),flavonoids(3 and 8 mg·g-1),cinnamic acid(3 and 8 mg·g-1),salicylin(15 and 150 mg·g-1)and p-hydroxybenzoic acid(5 and 50 mg·g-1),respectively.After being fed with diets containing the secondary metabolites,the body weight,body length,head capsule width of the 4-6 a instar H.cunea larvae plus the pupal weight in each treatment groups seemed to be lower than those in the control group in varying degrees.These in the high-content treatment groups were also somewhat lower than in the low-content treatment groups.These larval variables in the tannin treatment groups were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05),and the larvae died before pupation under the tannin stress.However,there was no significant difference in the larval survival rates between the control and other treatment groups(P>0.05).The pupation and emergence rates in the flavonoids and cinnamic acid treatment groups were not significantly different from those in the control group.The development duration of flavonoids treatment group was significantly prolonged.The pupation rate in the salicylin low-content treatment group was significantly higher than that in the control group,and the emergence rate in the p-hydroxybenzoic acid high-content treatment group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05).The H.cunea larvae were able to gradually detoxify different types and doses of host plant secondary metabolites.The adaptability of H.cunea larvae to different host plant secondary metabolites varied with tannin being the least or the worst to be adapted.