笼养疣鼻天鹅孵化期行为时间分配与日节律的性别差异

2011年1月至6月,用瞬时扫描法对浙江萧山珍禽养殖场的疣鼻天鹅(Cygnus olor)进行了观察和数据分析。研究发现,疣鼻天鹅在孵化期的行为时间分配存在明显的性别差异。雌(雄)性在孵化期重要行为的时间分配为:筑巢9.84%(雄4.67%),繁殖75.41%(雄4.14%),采食2.58%(雄7.85%),理羽4.00%(雄10.39%),站立1.52%(雄15.48%),游走0.52%(雄4.26%),警戒0.90%(雄3.93%),休息2.77%(雄30.74%),游泳2.23%(雄16.55%),洗澡0.24%(雄2.00%)。对不同性别疣鼻天鹅的时间分配进行独立样本T检验,结果显示:孵化期雌雄疣鼻天鹅除在理羽行为上差异不显著(P>0.05)外,其他行为都存在差异显著(P<0.05),在繁殖、站立、游走、休息、游泳及洗澡行为上差异极显著(P<0.01)。通过不同天气条件的比较,表明疣鼻天鹅不仅在行为时间分配上不同,而且不同性别在行为时间分配上也存在明显差异。

Gender Differences in Behavior Time Budget and Circadian Rhythm of Mute Swan in Captivity During Hatching Period

During January-June 2011,an observation of behaviors of Mute Swans was conducted in Xiaoshan Rare Birds Breeding Farm in Zhejiang Province using the quick scan method.The observation data were analyzed.The study found that there are clear gender differences in behavior time budget and activity rhythm of Mute Swans in hatching period.The percentage of time spent by the female in reproduction(75.41%) was highest,followed by nesting(9.84%),preening(4.00%),resting 2.77%,feeding(2.58%),swimming(2.23%),standing(1.52%),alerting(0.90%),walking(0.52%),and bathing(0.24%);while that spent by the male in resting(30.74%) was highest,followed by swimming(16.55%),standing(15.48%),preening(10.39%),feeding(7.85%),nesting(4.67%),walking(4.26%),reproduction(4.14%),alerting(3.93%),and bathing(2.00%).Independent sample t-test was applied to analyze the differences in behavior time budget in hatching period between the male and the female.Except that there was no significant difference in the preening of Mute Swans between the female and the male(P>0.05),significant differences(P<0.05) in other behaviors were observed,especially highly significant differences(P<0.01) were found in breeding,standing,walking,resting,swimming and bathing.Moreover,the behavior time budgets of Mute Swans were different under different weather conditions,and there existed a significant difference in behavior time budget between the female and the male.