2001-2005年黑龙江省生态足迹动态分析

运用生态足迹模型,对黑龙江生态省建设第一阶段(2001—2005年)的生态足迹进行了时间序列的测度,将黑龙江省资源利用的动态特性融入到生态足迹模型中,在此基础上分析了黑龙江省的可持续发展状态。结果表明:2001—2005年黑龙江省的人均生态足迹呈整体上升趋势,由2.2467hm2·人-1攀升到3.0084hm2·人-1,增长近1.34倍。其中,草地和能源生态足迹对黑龙江省人均生态足迹贡献最大,生态足迹的供需结构具有明显的不对称性。2001—2005年黑龙江省人均生态承载力变化不大,整体呈下降趋势。5a间黑龙江省均表现为生态赤字,且随着人均生态足迹的不断增大,生态赤字逐渐加大,黑龙江省处于不可持续发展状态。2001—2005年黑龙江总GDP的生态足迹一直呈现下降趋势,表明资源利用效率得到了较大提高,一定程度上缓解了资源消耗增大对环境造成的压力。总体上,黑龙江省可持续发展状况不容乐观,并在此基础上提出了黑龙江省未来可持续发展的有效途径。

Dynamie Analysis of Ecological Footprint of Heilongjiang Province from 2001 to 2005

Time-sequence data of resource utilization for Heilongjiang Province were applied to an ecological footprint model. Based on this, the trend in sustainable development of Heilongjiang Province from 2001 to 2005 was analyzed. Results showed that the per capita ecological footprint of Heilongjiang Province exhibited an ascending trend from 2001 to 2005, from 2.2467hm2 in 2001 to 3.0084hm2 in 2005, increasing by 1.34 times. Among the structural components, the ecological footprints of grassland and energy resources gave the greatest contributions to the per capita ecological footprint of Heilongjiang Province, and the supply-demand structure of ecological footprint was asymmetric. The change in ecological capacity during 2001 and 2005 was not significant and showing a descending trend. Heilongjiang Province was always in ecological deficit during the five years, and the ecological deficit increased gradually with the continuous increase of the per capita ecological footprint, which resulted in the unsustainable development. From 2001 to 2005, the ecological footprint of GDP presented downward trend, indicating that the utilization efficiency of resources was greatly enhanced and the environmental pressure was reduced to a certain extent. In general, the development status of Heilongjiang Province is not optimistic. The available ways of the sustainable development of Heilongjiang Province in the future were also put forward.