哀牢山西坡蚂蚁的多样性

通过样地调查法对云南省哀牢山自然保护区西坡4个垂直带、8个水平带28块样地蚁科昆虫进行了调查,分析了其多样性在垂直带上的分布规律,以及不同样地间蚂蚁群落的相似性。研究结果表明,哀牢山西坡样地中蚂蚁物种数目介于1～43种。蚂蚁物种数目、多样性及个体密度在垂直带上呈现一定的规律性,即随海拔的升高而降低,优势度与多样性的变化规律一致,均匀度没有明显的变化规律。但也出现了一些非规律性的例外,可能与植被的次生化和片断化有关。样地的85组相似性系数中,有3组相似性系数处于0.25～0.50,为中等不相似水平并接近极不相似,占3.5%;其余82组为极不相似水平或无任何相似,占96.5%。在北段2250m、中北段2500m、中南段2250m海拔以上植被类型和其它植被类型之间,基本上没有任何相似之处,在这些海拔之下则基本上具有一定的相似性。这说明生境的异质性对蚂蚁群落产生了很大的影响。

Ant Species Diversity on West Slope of Ailao Mountain

An experiment was conducted to study the distribution regularity of ant species diversity at four vertical bands and eight horizontal bands of the west slope of Ailao Mountain Nature Reserve,Yunnan Province.The similarity of ant communities between 28 sample plots was analysed.A total of 172 species belonging to 49 genera and 9 sub-families were recorded.The number of the ant species for each sample plot changes from 1 to 43.Normally,the species number,individual density and species diversity increase and the dominance decrease with decreasing elevation,and evenness shows an unobvious change.Among the 85 groups of similarity coefficients,the similarity coefficients of 82 groups(accounting for 96.5% of the total group)range from 0 to 0.25,indicating an extremely dissimilar level,while the similarity coefficients of the other three groups(3.5%)are between 0.25 and 0.50,exhibiting a moderate dissimilar leve1.Habitat heterogeneity significantly affects ant diversity.