山地小气候模型在帽儿山地区气候模拟中的应用

利用山地小气候模拟模型(MTCLIM)对帽儿山地区气候进行了模拟,由已测数据作为输入变量,对帽儿山张家沟集水区2002年最冷月均温、最热月均温、降水量、蒸散发等进行了模拟估算,结果表明:高海拔地区年积温低于低海拔地区,符合随海拔高度的增加温度降低的一般规律;最冷月均温、最热月均温分布规律与积温的分布规律相吻合,它们的空间分布与地形变化基本上是一致的。但是由于植被因素的作用,潜在蒸散量略有不同。用帽儿山气象站1989—2001年实测数据对模拟结果进行验证,两者数据基本符合。将MTCLIM模型与GIS技术相结合,采用不同的垂直递减率,运用Kringing方法对气象因子的时间、空间分布的模拟,不仅可以了解温度、降水、辐射等因子的分布情况,还可以为生态学过程研究奠定坚实的基础,同时也可以为植被动态模型提供气候数据支持,揭示森林植被变化的动态过程,实现森林景观与功能的耦合。

Application of Mountain Microclimate Simulation Model to Climate Simulation to Maoershan Region

Climate simulation was carried out by Mountain Microclimate Simulation Model(MTCLIM) for Maoershan region.The mean minimum temperature,mean maximum temperature,precipitation,potential evapotranspiration in 2002 were estimated by simulation using the measured data obtained from monitoring stations as input variables.Result showed that the annual accumulated temperature at high altitude areas is lower than that at low altitude areas,which accords with the general law that temperature in the troposphere decreases steadily with increasing altitude.The distribute of mean minimum temperature,mean maximum temperature is consistent with that of accumulative temperature,and their spatial distribution is coincident with the topographic change of the landscapes,but the potential evapotranspirations show little difference due to the effect of vegetations.The simulation result verified by the obtained data during 1989 and 2001 from Maoershan station is basically consistent with the measured data.By combining MTCLIM with GIS,the temporal and spatial distribution of climate factors can be simulated with different lapse rates using the Kringing method.Thereby,the distribution of temperature,precipitation and radiation can be obtained and a solid basis for ecology study can be established.Meanwhile,climate simulation can also provide climate data for dynamic vegetation models,open out the dynamic process of forest vegetation,and achieve the coupling between forest landscape and function.