笼养大鸨繁殖行为的时间分配和活动节律

利用全日制、瞬时扫描法对哈尔滨动物园2000年笼养大鸨(Otis torda)繁殖季节行为进行了观察，其繁殖期行为的日时间分配为：雌鸟，休息35％、游走38％、警戒18％、取食6％、理羽3％；雄鸟，炫耀38％、休息27％、游走13％、警戒12％、取食6％、理羽4％。大鸨日活动的节律性显示：一天有早晚两个活动高峰，休息主要集中于中午，休息所占的时间比例较大，这与野外大鸨的取食所占用的时间较大的时间分配模式产生了一定的差异。雌、雄鸟在游走和炫耀的时间分配上存在显著差异，其它行为无明显的性别差异，而且雌鸟对雄鸟的求偶、炫耀常常表现出不配合性，这可能是因为笼养条件的空间小、环境干扰较多引起的。天气对大鸨的行为有影响，对雄性大鸨的游走和炫耀行为有显著性影响。

Time Budget and Activity Rhythm of Great Bustard(Otis tarda) in Captivity during Breeding Season

Behavior rhythm and time budget of great bustard were studied in Harbin Zoo during breeding season by full-time and instantaneous scanning method. The time budget of various behaviors of female bird was resting (35%), walking (38%), alert (18%), feeding (6%), preening (3%); the time budget of male bird was display (38%), resting (27%), walking (13%), alert (12%), feeding (6%), preening (4%). The behavior rhythm of great bustard showed that there was an activity peak both in the morning and in the evening, resting making up a large proportion of time concentrated mainly at noon, which was different from the time budget of wild population of great bustard. Except walking and display, the time of other behaviors did not have significant sexual difference, and female often didn't cooperate with the display of male. This was maybe the result of small space, more interference of artificial surroundings. Weather influenced the behavior of great bustard, and markedly affected the walking and display of male bird.