6种野生鸢尾种皮、种苗特征与进化的关系

以鸢尾属中6种东北野生植物——玉蝉花(Iris ensata)、溪荪(I.sanguinea)、北陵鸢尾(I.typhifo-lia)、黄菖蒲(I.pseudacorus)、燕子花(I.laevigata)、马蔺(I.lacteal)为对象,对其种皮超显微结构、种苗结构进行了比较研究,探讨了两者与进化的关系。结果表明:鸢尾属种皮微形态特征的网脊龙骨状、网眼较浅的是较原始特征,表面有凹点或网脊较宽、网眼较深的是较进化的特征。初步推断,6种鸢尾的进化关系是溪荪→北陵→燕子花→黄菖蒲→玉蝉花→马蔺;种苗有舌状鞘的种类是较进化的类型。由此得出的进化关系与种皮电镜所得出的结论是一致的。

Relationship Between Microstructure of Episperm,Seedling Characters and Evolution of Six Wild Species of Iris

An observation was made on microstructure of seed coat and seedling characters of six wild species in northeast China,namely Iris ensata,I.sanguinea,I.typhifolia,I.pseudacorus,I.laevigata,and I.lacteal.The relationship between the microstructure of seed coat,seedling characters and evolution of the six species of Iris was studied.Results show that wide murus,deep mesh and pits are more evolutionary than carinate murus and shallow mesh in the microstructure of episperm.It is concluded that the sequence from origin to evolution is I.sanguinea,I.typhifolia,I.laevigata,I.pseudacorus,Iris ensata,and I.lacteal.Seedlings with ligular sheath are evolutionary.The conclusion from seedling structure is coincident with the observation result of episperm by electron microscope.