石蜡乳液浸渍云南松材的燃烧性能及吸湿吸水性研究

以阻燃型石蜡乳液对云南松木材进行常压浸渍处理，用氧指数和烟密度评价浸渍材的燃烧性能，用傅立叶变换红外光谱探讨阻燃剂的作用机理，并进行抗流失性和吸湿吸水性的测试。结果表明，普通石蜡乳液浸渍可使松木从可燃材料降等为易燃性材料，而阻燃剂的加入可以显著降低石蜡乳液浸渍材的可燃性；红外光谱测定结果表明，阻燃型石蜡乳液中的阻燃物质可能与木材纤维素发生了氨基取代和酯交换反应，使得-NH2接枝到呋喃分子上，硼、磷元素可能以硼酸酯和磷酸酯的形式载于木材上；抗流失试验表明，阻燃型石蜡乳液浸渍存在流失，但30 d的抗流失性试验不影响浸渍材的燃烧等级；石蜡乳液浸渍材的吸湿性和吸水性也有显著降低，但阻燃剂加入的影响不明显。

Fire Resistance,Hygroscopicity and Water Absorption of Pinus yunnanensis Wood After Impregnated with Wax Emulsion

After pine wood was impregnated with antiflaming wax emulsion at normal pressure,oxygen index and smoke density were selected to investigate the fire resistance of pine wood impregnated with wax emulsion,and Fourier transform IR spectroscopy （FTIR）was also used to analyze the chemistry background of impregnation. Properties including anti-leaching,hygroscopicity and water absorption of impregnated wood were also investigated. Fire resistance of pine wood was downgraded to be easy-to-burn material from burnable material after impregnating with wax emulsion.However,addition of flame retardant upgraded the fire resistance of impregnated wood to be hard-to-burn material.FTIR spectrum test result showed that the flame retardant material in wax emulsion might be cross-linked to cellulose by amino replacement and ester exchange reaction,which make -NH2 graft onto furan mol-ecules,B and P chemical elements in the form of boric acid ester and phosphate graft on wood.Anti-leaching test showed that flame retardant emulsified wax was leachable,but the fire resistance would not be downgraded after 30 d leaching test.Impregnation with wax emulsion would decrease hygroscopicity and water absorption of pine wood, but no obvious effect of the addition of flame retardant was observed.