冬小麦、夏玉米品种搭配及氮磷钾统筹施肥技术研究

为提高冬小麦、夏玉米全年总产和肥效,试验在全年N、P、K肥施用总量分别为630、296、302 kg/hm2的情况下,探讨了上下茬配额及品种搭配对全年总产量的影响。4因子裂区设计,主处理为上下茬品种搭配,副处理、副副处理及次副副处理分别为N、K、P在上下茬的分配比例。品种搭配、K处理、N×P、N×P×K对年总产作用极显著,P处理、品种搭配×P×K作用显著。石新733与郑单958搭配,N平均分配,冬小麦施2/3的PK肥、夏玉米施1/3,是获取全年高产的最优方案,并突破了19 500 kg/hm2。N、P、K上下茬平均分配、或小麦均施2/3、或玉米均施2/3,都不利于全年高产。

Study on optimization of variety combination and NPK fertilizer allocation for winter wheat and summer corn double cropping system

In order to increase total annual yield and fertilizer input return of winter wheat and summer corn double crops,an experiment on different allocation of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizers with the total amount of 630 kg/hm~2,296 kg/hm~2 and 302 kg/hm~2 respectively to two crops was carried out by using a combination of two wheat and two corn cultivars.The experiment was a split plot design with 4 factors,of which,wheat and corn varietal combination was treated as the main plot with nitrogen as subplot,potassium as sub-sub-plot,and phosphorus as sub-sub-sub-plot.Wheat and corn varietal combination,K,N×P,N×P×K very significantly,P and variety combination×P×K significantly affected the total annual yield.The treatment with the varietal combination of wheat cultivar SX733 and corn cultivar ZD958,averaged allocation of N to the two crops,two third of P and K to wheat crop and one third to corn could obtain maximum annual total yield of more than 19 500 kg/hm~2.Equal proportion of N,P,and K allocation to either wheat or corn would not be beneficial to reach annual high yield.