土壤磷素化学行为及影响因素研究进展

综述了近４２年来关于土壤磷素中化学行为、磷素平衡及影响因素的研究进展。土壤磷素包括无机磷、有机磷、生物态磷、土壤无机、有机磷又根据其有效性分为各种形态的无机磷、有机磷组分；施入土壤的磷素主要转化为土壤无机磷、土壤类型、作物种植方式、作物根限、磷肥种类及用量对土壤磷素转化均有不同程度的影响；各种高分子有机物料，作物根系分泌有机酸对土壤磷素有明显的活化作用；ＶＡ菌根真菌明显地促进了作物吸收利用根际、非极际土壤的Ｃａ２－Ｐ，Ｃａ８－Ｐ，Ａｌ－Ｐ等形态的夫机磷。土壤磷素积累与消耗以无机磷为主，长期大量施用磷肥明显地增加了耕层以下土壤磷素含量。

The progress of phosphorus transformation in soil and its influencing factors

The material of the transformation of fertilizer phosphorus in soil and its influence factors were summed up in the past 42 years. Inorganic phosphorus, organic phosphorus and microbiologic phosphorus made up the total phosphorus. The various fractions were divided into different fractions according to their availability to crops. The transformation of phosphorus was influenced by soils, crops,climate and phosphorus fertilizer, etc. The organic matter and the mater secreted increased the availability of phosphorus. VA-mycorrhizal crops enhanced the availability of Ca 2-P,Ca 8-P, Al-P in the rhizosphere of crops. Most of residual phosphorus in soils were inorganic P. Phosphorus was seeped into deep layer soil by applying P fertilizer heavily.