水肥耦合对夏玉米生物学特性和产量的影响

以夏玉米为对象,采用旱棚盆栽试验方法,研究了模拟不同降水年型下肥与水耦合对夏玉米生物学特性和产量的影响.结果表明:不同水肥条件下,在夏玉米各个生育时期,株高、茎粗和叶面积的变化均呈‘单峰式’曲线；在一定氮、钾肥用量范围内,夏玉米株高、茎粗和叶面积都随灌水量的增加而增加,但灌水过多会阻滞玉米生长；在灌水量一定的条件下,夏玉米株高、茎粗和叶面积也会随着施肥量的增加而增加.试验条件下夏玉米最高产量及相应水肥配比为86.14 g/pot,灌水量为350mm,施氮量为180 kg/hm2,施钾量为120 kg/hm2.合理的水肥耦合对于减少水资源浪费,提高水肥利用率具有重要的理论和实践意义.

Effects of water and fertilizer coupling on biological characteristics and yields of summer maize

The deficiency of water resources affected the sustainable development of agriculture in North China Flat Area with semi-humid partial drought climate.Field experiment of different couplings of different amounts of irrigation water and nitrogen fertilizer on maize was carried out by rain-protection shed in the north plain located in a semiarid area.The results indicated that the different water(W),nitrogen(N) and potassium(K) ratios affected plant height,stem diameter,LAI of leaves and yield around maize differently.In the whole growing process,summer maize plant height,stem diameter and leaf area performed as ‘single-peak’ curves;In certain nitrogenous fertilizer,potash fertilizer dosage range of summer maize,plant height,stem diameter and leaf area will be increased with the irrigation quantity increased,but too much irrigation will block the growth of maize,in certain irrigation conditions,summer maize plant height,stem diameter and leaf area also increased with fertilization.The optimal amounts of water,nitrogen and potassium were 350 mm,180 kg/hm2 and 120 kg/hm2,respectively,and the highest yield is 86.14 g/pot.Compared with the traditional irrigation model,water and fertilization coupling effects of water saving and fertilization model have important theoretical and practical significance for reducing water resource waste and increasing fertilization use efficiency.