磷、钾对冬小麦养分吸收、分配及运转规律的影响

长期不合理施肥造成土壤养分失衡,为优化小麦施肥技术,采用田间试验法,研究了磷、钾对冬小麦体内氮、磷、钾的吸收、分配和运转规律的影响。结果表明,施肥与对照相比,冬小麦对养分的吸收利用规律没有明显变化,而在一定程度上有促进作用。氮、磷的最大累积量均在成熟期,而钾在挑旗期。在缺钾高磷条件下,满足植株对氮的需求后,施钾肥能明显提高植株对氮、钾的累积吸收,而磷肥效果不明显。冬小麦氮、磷、钾的阶段性高累积量和较大吸收速率,分别在拔节-挑旗期和灌浆-成熟期,起身-拔节期和挑旗-灌浆期,以及拔节-挑旗期。为实现小麦高产,应在维持原有氮肥水平上,适当增施钾肥,减少磷肥的投入。

Effects of P and K on the rules of nutrient absorption,distribution and translation in winter wheat

Long-term irrational fertilization made soil nutrient lose balance.For advancing the fertilization technology,field experiments were conducted to study the effects of P and K on the rules of nutrient absorption,distribution and translation in winter wheat.The results showed that fertilization treatments could not change the rules of nutrient absorption and utilization in wheat.But in a way there were some beneficial effects.The highest accumulation of N and P were both at ripening stage,while K at jointing stage.Under the condition of high P and lacking K and with adequate N,K fertilizer could significantly improve the accumulation of N and P,but P no significance.The effect of K fertilizer was very significant,which could significantly improve the yield of wheat,but P fertilizer no significance.The highest accumulation and absorption stage of N,P and K were from jointing to booting stage and from filling to ripening stage of N,from standing to jointing stage and from booting to filling stage of P,from jointing to booting stage of K,respectively.In order to get high yield of wheat,keeping the primary level of N fertilizer,increasing the reasonable amount of K fertilizer and decreasing the amount of P fertilizer were recommended.