印度谷螟成虫复眼的外部形态及显微结构观察

利用扫描电镜和石蜡切片技术观察研究了印度谷螟Plodia interpunctella(Hübener)]成虫复眼的外部形态和明暗适应对其内部显微结构的影响.结果显示:(1)该蛾复眼半球形,位于头部两侧,略成“八”字形排列,单个复眼的小眼数约为1 950;(2)每个小眼主要由角膜、晶锥、小网膜细胞柱、视杆和基膜组成,其中角膜、晶锥、小网膜细胞周围环绕着由初级虹膜色素细胞分泌的初级虹膜色素颗粒和由6个次级虹膜色素细胞分泌的次级虹膜色素颗粒,基膜处分布有基膜色素颗粒,且密集的气管穿过基膜进入网膜区；(3)明适应时,大部分次级虹膜色素颗粒向视杆远心端移动,覆盖整个小网膜细胞柱区域；暗适应时,次级虹膜色素颗粒逐渐向晶锥方向聚集,分布在各晶锥周围和小网膜细胞柱的远心端.结果表明:印度谷螟成虫复眼为典型的重叠像眼,其主要通过色素颗粒发生纵向位移来调节对光的吸收,以适应外界光环境的变化.

External morphology and microstructure of the compound eye of Plodia interpunctella(Lepidoptera:Arctiidae)

The external morphology of the compound eye of Plodia interpunctella(Hübener),and the microstructure and its changes under light and dark adaptation were observed by using scanning electron microscopy and optics microscope.The results indicated that the compound eyes with a shape of half sphere,formed a typeface of the Chinese figure "eight" on the head.Each compound eye has approximately 1 950 ommatidia.The ommatidium encompassed by primary iris pigment granules which were excreted by primary iris pigment cells and secondary iris pigment granules which were excreted by six secondary iris pigment cells,was comprised of dioptric apparatus,retinula cell column,the rhabdom and basement membrane where the pigment granules and a reflecting tracheal sheath could be observed.Moreover,in light adaptation,most of pigment granules of secondary iris pigment moved to the proximal end of rhabdom,and surrounded the retinula cell column.In dark adaptation,the pigment granules of secondary iris pigment cells moved to the crystalline cone the proximal end of retinula cell column.In conclusion,the compound eye of P.interpunctella(Hübener),belonged to a refracting superposition eye.In light-or dark-adaptation,it will adapt to the change of light and dark by controlling the longitudinal movement of pigment granules.