食品国际贸易规制述评

从食品国际贸易规制入手,分析和评价了现行国际贸易制度安排。指出W TO的《SPS协议》、《TBT协议》和法典委员会等国际规制有正负两方面的效应,一方面有助于国际食品规则的标准化,降低国际贸易中的交易成本;另一方面,由于发展中国家国内标准低、参与国际组织的“门槛”高等原因,造成其面临着事实的贸易不平等和标准遵从的困难。提出中国应联合发展中国家,通过对部分条款的修订,如将发达国家对发展中国家的援助从自愿改为强制性规定、给予发展中国家更长的遵从期限、让最不发达国家免费参与国际标准制定机构的活动等来争取贸易公平待遇。

Review of international trade system and rules on food

Approaching the motive force of international trade arrangement,this paper analyzed and reviewed the current international trade system.It pointed out there is two-side effect of trade rule and international standards which made by "Sanitary and Phytosanitary" (SPS) agreement,Technical barrier for Trade (TBT) agreement and codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC),and WTO's dispute settlement mechanism.On one hand,it contributes to the standardization of international food rule and reduces transaction cost for international trade.On the other hand,owing to low domestic standard and the high "threshold" in participating in the international organization,the developing country are faced with unequal trade position and compliance difficulty.The article proposed that,to get the equal trade treatment,China should unite developing countries to make the fair treatment of trade through the revision of some clauses,such as change the aids from alternative to compulsory,give longer time for developing country to comply with and let least developed countries take freely part in the activity of international standard organization and so on.