近45年毛乌素沙地的气候变化及其与沙漠化的关系

气候变化是影响区域生态环境演化的重要因素,为了研究毛乌素沙地的气候变化及其对沙漠化的影响,利用近45年(1961~2005年)的气象资料,分析了毛乌素沙地4个典型旗县(鄂托克旗、乌审旗、榆阳区及盐池县)的气温、降水量、气温与降水量的关系、年大风累计日数及蒸发量的变化。结果表明,该地区20世纪70~80年代气候发生了重要变化,气温回升较快,降水量和气温变化具有同步性,大风日数逐渐减少,蒸发量下降,这些气象要素的变化有利于沙漠化逆转;该地区气候空间差异很大,东南部地区的气候条件较西北部地区优越。依据文献记载,毛乌素沙地沙漠化的总体趋势及不同地区的空间差异与本文研究所得的气候变化趋势及空间差异结论相似,说明该地区的气候变化与沙漠化关系非常密切。

Climatic variation and its effect on desertification in 45 recent years in Mu Us sandland

Climatic change has an important effect on the ecological environmental evolution.In order to study the tendency of climatic change and its effect on desertification,the meteorological observation data of 4 counties(Etuoke,Wushen,Yuyang and Yanchi) in recent 45 years have been analyzed,which include temperature,precipitation,the relationship between temperature,gale days and evaporation in Mu Us sandland.Results show that the climatic change in this area is distinct since 1970,such as the increase of temperature,the synchronism of precipitation and temperature,the reduction of gale days and the evaporation.Documents have showed that the tendency of desertification and the space difference between different areas has been similar to the tendency of meteorological variation in last 45 years.