干细胞及其在人类医学上的应用前景

干细胞是指从胚胎、胎儿或成年个体各种组织中分离出来的多能性细胞 ,具有体外保持未分化状态的无限增殖能力 ,在不同条件下可诱导分化为不同的细胞类型、组织甚至器官。胚胎癌细胞、胚胎干细胞、胚胎生殖细胞和成年组织干细胞是目前研究的几类主要干细胞 ,它们除作为发育生物学研究的细胞模型外 ,在人类医学领域也具有潜在的应用价值

Stem cells and their application in transplantation therapies

Pluripotent stem cells are derived from preimplantation embryos,fetues or various adult tissues.They have the ability to remain undifferentiated and proliferate indefinitely in vitro while maintaining the potential to differentiate into derivatives of all three embryonic germ layers.According to the different source of stem cells,including embryonal carcinoma cells,embryonic stem cells,embryonic germ cells and adult tissue stem cells.Not only are they the fine cell model on developmental biology fields but also possess potential application value in transplantation therapies for disorders for which other trerapeutical modalities are not yet available and for disorders urgently requiring improvements of currently available therapeutical means or disorders of the nervous system.A long term goal is the generation of complex tissue aggregates or whole organs,which might render themselves to bypass current short supplies and immunological problems as well as risks of disease transmission in the course of organ transplantation.