杜仲杂交子代苗期表型性状的遗传分析

【目的】研究2年生杜仲杂交子代苗期表型性状的变异情况，以揭示杜仲重要性状的遗传参数。【方法】以10个杜仲优良品种（或无性系）为亲本，按照析因交配设计进行控制授粉，根据2年生杜仲杂种苗的苗期表型性状测定结果，估算苗高、地径、叶面积、叶长、叶宽、叶长宽比、叶脉数目和叶柄长度的遗传参数。【结果】杜仲杂交子代苗高、地径、叶面积、叶长等性状在各家系间和家系内存在极显著差异；一般配合力效应在同一亲本不同性状间及同一性状不同亲本间存在明显差异，母本“小叶”各性状的一般配合力效应相对较大；不同家系各个性状的特殊配合力差异显著，21号家系(“华仲2号×秦仲1号”)苗高和地径的特殊配合力效应值最大，1号家系(“小叶×秦仲1号”)叶面积和叶长的特殊配合力效应值最大；各性状的广义遗传力都较高，均在50%以上。【结论】杜仲杂交子代的苗期表型性状差异显著，可以进行家系间和家系内的初步选择，1号、2号、9号、21号和25号家系各性状的特殊配合力相对较高，可用于进一步杂交选育杜仲良种。

Genetic analysis of morphological traits of Eucommia ulmoides Oliver’s hybrid offspring

【Objective】 The experiment was conducted to study the variations of morphological traits of Eucommia ulmoides Oliver’s hybrid offspring,to reveal the genetic parameters of the important traits of E.ulmoides Oliver.【Method】 A factorial cross with ten parents of E.ulmoides Oliver was conducted.Morphological traits in the second year were measured and genetic parameters were estimated,which included the height of seedling,ground line diameter,leaf area,length of leaf,width of leaf,ratio of leaf length/leaf width,number of leaf vein and length of leafstalk.【Result】 The results revealed that hybrid offsprings have significant difference among and within families in height of seedling,ground line diameter,leaf area,length of leaf,and so on.There is also significant difference among the right traits in the same parent and among different parents in the same traits.Female parent Xiaoye has higher general combining ability than the others.And the specific combining ability is significantly different among rights of families.Family 21,Huazhong 2×Qinzhong 1,has the highest specific combining ability in height of seedling and ground line diameter,while the family 1,Xiaoye×Qinzhong 1,has the highest special combining ability in leaf area and length of leaf.All traits studied have high broad-sense heritability(above 50%).【Conclusion】 Hybrid offsprings have significant difference,so primary selection of seedling among and within the families is significant.Family 1,2,9,21 and 25 can be used for breeding in E.ulmoides Oliver because of their higher SCA in eight traits.