紧凑型油菜株型性状的遗传及其与主要产量性状的相关性研究

选取6个不同遗传来源的紧凑型和松散型油菜品种(品系),按完全双列杂交设计组配30个杂交组合,将6个亲本及所有杂交组合按完全随机区组设计排列于大田,采用ADM模型分析了10多个主要株型性状的遗传效应、显性方向,同时研究了株型性状与主要产量性状及单株产量的相关性。结果表明,大多数株型性状同时受基因的加性和显性作用控制,但不同性状受基因加性和显性作用的大小不同;单株角果数、角果粒数、千粒重和角果长度4个性状与母本基因型有显著的相关性。环境对角果长度和角果宽度无显著影响,而对其余多数株型性状有显著或极显著影响;茎枝夹角、千粒重、角果长和角果宽的狭义遗传率相对较高。株型性状的显性效应分析表明,显性基因对茎枝夹角具有减效作用,而对株高、有效分枝高度、分枝终点高度、单株角果数、角果粒数、千粒重、角果长度和单株产量具有增效作用。大多数株型性状与单株产量以及产量构成性状之间均存在显著或极显著的遗传相关,遗传相关的大小和方向由加性相关、显性相关以及母本相关共同决定。

Study on the heredity of plant-type traits in compact rapeseed lines and the genetic correlation with yield traits

A complete diallel analysis of six compact and loose rapeseed lines from different sources was carried out.Through ADM model,genetic effects and dominance trend of more than ten plant-type traits were analysed,at the same time the genetic correlation between plant-type traits and yield per plant as well as components of yield was studied further.Genetic effects analysis of plant-type traits indicated that the majority of plant-type traits were controlled by both additive and dominant genes,the effect of additive and dominant genes on different traits was not same,and there was significant correlation between pods per plant,seeds per pod,1 000-seed weight as well as length of pod and gene-type of female parent.Environment had no significant effect on length of pod and width of pod,while had significant or very significant effect on the other traits.The narrow-sense heritability of angle between stem and primary branch,1000-seed weight,length of pod,width of pod was relatively high.The analysis of dominant trend of plant-type traits showed that dominant genes had reduced-action for angle of between stem and primary branch,and synergism for plant height,effective branch height,pods per plant,branch-end height,seed per pod,1000-seed weight and length of pod.The analysis also showed that there were significant or very significant genetic correlations between most of plant-type traits and yield per plant and components of yield,the value and trend of genetic correlations were determined by additive,dominant and maternal correlation.