外源细胞质诱导小麦单倍体的机理与应用研究——Ⅲ.单倍体与二倍体的比较研究

以三个具粘果山羊草细胞质的高频单倍体异质小麦为单倍体源,对小麦单倍体和二倍体的一些形态和生理性状进行了比较研究。结果表明,与二倍体比较单倍体有以下表现:①由于第三伸长节间和穗下节长度缩短,株高降低12％～22％;②因旗叶和倒二叶长度和宽度明显下降,叶面积也显著减小;③穗长、平均每穗小穗数、单株分蘖、有效分蘖和茎秆直径均显著下降;④气孔长度、宽度及面积均有下降趋势,但气孔密度明显增加;⑤旗叶的净光合强度和总光合强度约高出30％,呼吸强度则因材料不同有升有降。

Studies on Mechanism and Application of Haploids Induced by Alien CytoplasmsM. A Morphological and Physiological Comparison of Haploids and Diploids

Three normal diploid lines and their haploid partners were used in a morphological and physiological comparison study. Compared with normal diploids, haploides had the following characteristics: (1) plant height reduced by 12%-22% because of the shortening of No.3 and No.4 elongated internodes; (2) leaf area was significantly reduced because of the significant decrease in the length and width of flag leaf and next leaf; (3) the length of spike, spikelet numbers per spike, tiller numbers and spike numbers per plant and stem radius also were reduced significantly; (4) the length, width and area of stoma tended to drop, but stomatal density per squar cm increased greatly; (5) net and total photosythetie in tensity of the flag was enhanced by 30% or so, but their respiration was inhanced or suppressed in different genotypes.