冬春季节不同套袋对番茄果实发育和品质的影响

冬春季节,在节能日光温室中以“金棚一号”为试材,研究了5种套袋对番茄果实生长发育、营养品质和病害的影响。结果表明,不同套袋的袋内光照强度较对照均极显著减弱(P<0.01),相对湿度和温度(除晴天鲜膜袋外)均有不同程度的提高;番茄果实提早成熟,着色级数提高,果径增长率、单果重和穗果重无显著变化;果实固形物含量无显著变化,但白膜袋处理的果实固形物含量显著高于红膜袋处理(P<0.05);果实可溶性糖、带果皮番茄红素、游离氨基酸和可溶性蛋白质含量及糖酸比均无显著变化;与CK相比,红膜袋处理后,去果皮番茄红素和维生素C含量均显著提高(P<0.05),其他套袋处理间无显著变化;白纸袋可显著提高果实有机酸含量(P<0.05),其他套袋无显著影响。套袋可减轻番茄果实的受冷害程度,降低灰霉病发生率,提高镰刀菌果腐病发生率,对早疫病的发生率无明显影响。综合考虑各指标认为,冬春季节日光温室番茄果实套袋应优先选择白膜袋,其次为紫膜袋和红膜袋,鲜膜袋和白纸袋不适宜在该季节使用。

Effects of fruit bagging with different types of bags on the growth and quality of tomato in winter-spring season

The object of the study is to solve the contradiction between the prevention and cure of blight and the pollution of tomato products.In winter-spring season,the experiment was conducted in cv.Jinpeng No.1 in the solar greenhouse.The effects of five different bagging treatments on the growth and nutritive quality and diseases of tomato fruit were examined.The results showed that the illumination intensity was weakened,the relative humidity(RH) was increased,and the temperature was increased inside different types of bags.Compared with CK,tomato fruits with different bagging treatments matured earlier and the colour degree of fruit was increased.The fruit-diameter-growth rate,the weight of single fruit and the weight of per bag were not changed notably.The solid content of fruit was not changed remarkably,but that of WFB(the white plastic film bag) was significantly higher than that of RFB(the red plastic film bag).Some nutritive components were not changed notably,including the soluble sugar,lycopene measured with pericarp,free amino acids,soluble protein and sugar/acid ratio.Compared with CK,with RFB,the content of lycopene measured without pericarp and Vitamin C were increased remarkably;while with the other four types of bags,the two indexes were not changed remarkably.The content of organic acid was increased significantly with WPB(white paper bag),while with the other four types of bags,the index was not changed remarkably.With the fruit bagging,the low-temperature injury degree of fruit was lightened,the grey mold rate was reduced but the fusarium fruit rot rate was increased.The effect of different types of bags on the early blight rate was not obvious.In comprehensive consideration,this paper suggested that WFB be chosen firstly,then PFB(the purple plastic film bag) and RFB,FFB(the freshnesskeeping plastic film bag) and WPB are not suitable for the season.