鸡粪与不同秸秆高温堆肥中氮素的变化特征

以鸡粪与小麦秸杆和玉米秸杆为堆肥原料,在自制的强制通风静态垛堆肥反应器中进行堆肥试验,研究堆肥制作过程中各种氮素形态的变化及迁移特征。结果显示,堆制中堆温变化分为高温期、降温期、稳定期3个阶段;含水量的减少量较低;两处理铵态氮含量在高温期增加,在降温期降低,整个堆制期间分别减少了69.9%和57.0%;硝态氮含量在高温期分别降低了0.236和0.254g/kg,降温期和稳定期增加,堆制结束时较初始分别增加了1.52和3.04倍;有机氮在高温期和降温期增加,在降温后期和稳定期降低,堆制期间分别减少了1.4%和20.7%;堆制结束时总氮分别减少了7.7%和22.2%,渗沥液中硝态氮和有机氮的浓度较高。堆制期间有机碳分别降解了37.9%和37.3%;pH值在高温期分别达9.16和9.37,堆制结束时分别为8.05和8.27。综合分析表明,氮素的损失主要是降温期氨的挥发和稳定期硝态氮与水溶性有机氮的淋失。

Study on the nitrogen changes during the composting of chicken manure and different straws under higher temperature

In the aerated static pile automatic compost device,experiments were carried out to investigate the nitrogen changing characteristics of chicken manure added with wheat straw (CM+WS) and chicken manure added with corn straw (CM+CS) respectively during the 50 d composting.The results indicated that there were three temperature stages during the composting process.During the high temperature stage (0-10 d and 0-15 d),the content of ammonium-N increased,but in temperature decreasing stage,the content of ammonium-N decreased very quickly.The contents of ammonium-N was reduced (69.9%) and 57.0% respectively in the treatment CM+WS and CM+CS after the composting process.And the content of nitrite-N increased 152% and 304%,the organic nitrogen decreased 1.4% and 20.7%,the total nitrogen reduced 7.7% and 22.2% respectively.The loss way is ammonium-N volatilization in the temperature decreasing stage and the nitrite in company with water soluble organic nitrogen leach in the temperature decreasing and then became stable stages.The organic carbon decomposed quickly in the high temperature stage and stable after 25 days.The content of the organic carbon decreased 37.9% and 37.3% in the treatment CM+WS and CM+CS respectively during the composting time.pH was 9.16 and 9.37 respectively in the high temperature,and decreased to 8.05 and 8.27 in the end of composting respectively.The concentrations of NO_3-N and Organic nitrogen in the percolation solution of the compost were higher.