蔬菜中农药残留动态与控制对策

对陕西省西安市大型蔬菜批发市场、农贸市场、生产基地6大类蔬菜的13种农药残留情况进行了全年定点监测,研究了不同种类蔬菜中农药残留动态,不同种类农药在蔬菜中的残留动态以及蔬菜中农药残留全年变化动态。结果表明,甘蓝类、白菜类和绿叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留超标率高于其他种类蔬菜,且随时间不同而变化;各种禁用有机磷农药在不同种类蔬菜上均有不同程度检出,并且在不同种类蔬菜间存在差异;各种禁用农药在蔬菜中的残留量随时间不同而变化;各种非禁用农药检出次数较多,并有部分超标;生产基地蔬菜全年农药残留变化动态符合生产实际。在上述研究的基础上,对蔬菜中农药残留存在的原因进行了分析,提出了降低蔬菜中农药残留的控制措施。

Study on pesticide residues in the vegetables and the control policy

Thirteen pesticide residues in six kinds of vegetables of wholesale marketplaces,retail marketplaces,vegetable bases in Xi'an city were detected during a whole year.The characteristics of pesticide residues in different kinds of vegetables,the characteristics of residues of different pesticides,and the dynamic changes of residues in vegetables during a year were studied.The study showed that,the excessive rates in Chinese cabbage,wild cabbage and green leafy vegetable were more than that of other kinds of vegetables.And the rates are changing during a year.Five kinds of forbidden organophosphorus pesticides were found in every kind of vegetables and the quantities were various in different vegetables and various in different months.Other pesticides,which can be used to vegetables,were found frequently and some exceeded the quota.The characteristics of pesticide residues in vegetable base were related to the practice.According to above analyses,the reasons of the existing of pesticide residues in vegetables were discussed.Some measures to control the pesticide residues in vegetables were put forward.