玉米果穗脱水速率的研究

以不完全双列杂交组配的20个杂交组合及其亲本为试材,分别研究了植株性状、穗部性状与玉米果穗脱水速率的相关性。结果表明,品种间果穗脱水速率存在着显著差异,通过人工选择鉴定可以培育出符合育种目标的新品种。果穗脱水速率的遗传力较低,所以不能在早期世代对该性状进行直接选择。田间果穗脱水速率主要受植株性状的影响,株高偏低、穗位较高、开花期绿叶数较多、茎秆含水量较高,叶含水量较低的基因型有助于果穗快速脱水;同时果穗脱水速率与穗粗、穗行数呈极显著负相关,穗粗与穗行数呈极显著正相关,即穗行数越少,穗越细的果穗更利于籽粒脱水。

Study on ear moisture loss rate in maize

20 hybrids derived from incomplete diallel cross and their parents were used as materials to analyze the correlation between the traits of plant ear and the ear moisture loss rate of maize. The results showed that there were significant differences between varieties in the ear moisture loss rate ,so varieties with high ear moisture loss rate could be selected through genetic improvement in breeding process. Because its heritability was lower,it could not be directly selected in earlier generation. The ear moisture loss rate in the field was mainly affected by the plant traits. The genotypes with lower plant height,higher ear height ,more green leaves in flowering time ,higher water content in stalk and lower water content in leaves would redound to the loss of ear moisture. The results also indicated that there were some correlation between ear moisture loss rate in harvest and some traits related ear,for example,negative correlation with ear diameter and rows number per ear,positive correlation between ear diameter and rows per ear. Therefore ,the ears with fewer row numbers per ear were thinner in ear diameter and could increase its loss of ear moisture.