舟曲特大山洪泥石流灾害遥感应急监测评估方法研究

为了对舟曲特大山洪泥石流灾害进行监测评估,以遥感技术为主要手段获取多时相、多分辨率、多传感器的遥感影像。在综合分析获取的灾区遥感影像数据的基础上,结合舟曲特大山洪泥石流发生后的实际情况及灾后应急救灾、灾害评估及恢复重建的实际需要,在＂救灾响应＂前提下,按＂轻重缓急＂原则处理灾后多源遥感影像。在多源遥感影像处理过程中,采用遥感图像处理、摄影测量和地理信息系统技术处理遥感图像,提出了影像拼接、面向对象的灾情信息提取等遥感影像处理的关键技术和方法。根据研究区的实际情况,利用目视解译、遥感图像分类、面向对象的变化监测等信息提取技术,对灾区地质灾害等灾害信息进行了有效地提取,准确确定滑坡、泥石流、倒损房屋、受损道路与桥梁、土地资源、水利设施、市政基础设施等各种灾情信息。同时归纳了灾害信息提取的一般方法,具有良好的科学性和可操作性,适合于巨大灾害灾情遥感应急监测评估工作。该研究成果为全面准确地掌握灾情,科学地评估灾情,进而采取有效救灾防灾抢险等措施和灾后恢复重建提供科学依据,对有效指导防灾减灾具有重大理论和实践意义。

Study on Emergency Monitoring and Assessment of Large Debris Flow in Zhouqu County by Using Remote Sensing Technology

In order to monitor and assess the large debris flow in Zhouqu County,multi-temporal,multi-resolution and multi-type remote sensing images of disaster area were obtained mainly by using remote sensing technology and analyzed comprehensively.Based on the actual situation and actual needs of emergency relief,disaster assessment and reconstruction after Zhouqu large debris flow,on the premise of ＂disaster response＂,the multi-source remote sensing images after the disaster were processed in order of importance.Besides,the multi-source remote sensing images after the disaster were processed through remote sensing image processing,photogrammetric survey and GIS technology,and the key technology and method of remote sensing image processing were proposed,such as image stitching,object-oriented disaster information extraction and so on.According to the actual situation of study area,the information about Zhouqu large debris flow was extracted effectively by using visual interpretation,remote sensing image classification,object-oriented variation detection and other information extraction technology,and the disaster information of landslide,debris flow,collapsed houses,damaged roads and bridges,land resources,water facilities,municipal infrastructure and so forth was determined accurately.Meanwhile,the general method to extract disaster information was summed up,with good science and operability,and fitting for the emergency monitoring and assessment of major catastrophes by using remote sensing technology.The research results provided a scientific basis for accurately grasping and scientifically assessing the situation of a disaster,then taking effective measures for disaster prevention and rescue work and reconstruction,namely having theoretical and practical significance for effectively guiding disaster prevention and mitigation.