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围栏内禁牧与轻牧对高寒草原群落的影响
引用本文:王小利,干友民,张力,张德罡,周学辉,苗小林,邓春辉,祁彪,杨予海,官却扎西.围栏内禁牧与轻牧对高寒草原群落的影响[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2005,40(3):368-375.
作者姓名:王小利  干友民  张力  张德罡  周学辉  苗小林  邓春辉  祁彪  杨予海  官却扎西
作者单位:1. 四川农业大学四川雅安625014
2. 兰州畜牧兽医研究所甘肃兰州730050
3. 甘肃农业大学,兰州,730070
4. 青海省三角城种羊场青海刚察812300
基金项目:中国农科院兰州畜牧与兽药研究所课题,青藏高原生态畜牧业建设与示范.
摘    要:以青海湖北岸青海省三角城种羊场的天然高寒草原为研究对象,对围栏内全年禁牧与轻牧下草地群落及生物量变化进行了比较研究。结果表明:围栏内全年禁牧虽然提高了草地的初级生产力,但却使草地群落的均匀度、物种多样性及禾草在草群中所占比例下降;而围栏内轻牧,牧压虽轻,但仍没有避开草地春季返青的危机期,并且由于羊群对草地枯落物的啃食以及严重的风蚀,草地退化严重,使草地生态系统的营养物质循环受阻。所以应该优化青海湖区草地生态系统的放牧管理制度,实现高寒草地畜牧业的可持续发展。

关 键 词:放牧  高寒草原  青海湖地区  群落结构  生物量
文章编号:1003-4315(2005)03-0368-08
修稿时间:2004年12月30

Influence of fencing and light grazing on enclosed alpine steppes in the Qinghai lake area
WANG Xiaoli,GAN Youmin,ZHANG Li,Zhang Degang,ZHOU Xuehui,MIAO Xiaolin,DENG Chunhui,QI Biao,YANG Yuhai,GUAN QUE Zhaxi.Influence of fencing and light grazing on enclosed alpine steppes in the Qinghai lake area[J].Journal of Gansu Agricultural University,2005,40(3):368-375.
Authors:WANG Xiaoli  GAN Youmin  ZHANG Li  Zhang Degang  ZHOU Xuehui  MIAO Xiaolin  DENG Chunhui  QI Biao  YANG Yuhai  GUAN QUE Zhaxi
Abstract:A study was conducted at the Sanjiao city sheep breeding grassland area of Qinghai province, which was located on natural alpine grassland of the north bank of Qinghai Lake. The changes of grassland population and biomass of fencing and light grazing were compared. The results showed that a two-successive-year fencing increased primary production, but it decreased species diversity, evenness and the percentage of grasses. Lightly grazed grassland in enclosure has been in a crisis stage of plant germination. Also sheep eating and serious wind erosion made the grassland degragated severely, leading the nutrient circle of grassland ecosystem to be hindered. The grazing management institution of grassland ecosystem in the area of Qinghai Lake should be optimized to realize the sustainable development of livestock industry in alpine steppes.
Keywords:grazing  alpine steppe  area of Qinghai Lake  communities structure  plant biomass
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