发展节水型灌溉农业的研究

石羊河流域水资源缺乏,并时空分布不均,供需矛盾突出,严重威胁着流域下游民勤盆地沙漠绿洲的生存。本文根据观测试验资料,分析了甘肃石羊河流域内灌溉用水紧缺的原因。认为流域水管理的中心内容是合理运用水资源,即实行限额灌溉、建立综合性节水灌溉体系,促进流域内生态平衡。以春小麦为例,讨论了限额灌溉、储水灌溉和水费的合理征收问题。论述了地膜栽培、调整农业结构、渠系防渗衬砌、小畦灌溉等技术措施在节水中的作用。

Studies on Developing Water-saving Irrigation Agriculture

In Shiyanghe catchment,water resources are scanty and unevenly distributed. The contradiction between water supply and demand is severe, which threatens the existence of the desert oases of Minqin basin located in the lower reach of the catchment. Based on observational and experimental data, this article analyses the reasons for the shortage of irrigation water in the catchment, and comes to the conclusion that the crux of the water management lies in making rational use of the water resources, that is, adopting restrictive irrigation, establishing a comprehensive system of water-saving irrigation and promoting the ecological balance in the catchment. Taking spring wheat for example, this article discusses restrictive irrigation, storage irrigation and the rational levy of irrigation water charge and expounds several technical measures including plastic membrane cultivation, adjustment of agricultural structure, anti-seepage canal lining and small check border irrigation and how they function in saving water. Pratice has proved that above-mentioned measures are practicable and have conspicious economical, ecological and social benefits.