黄淮麦区105份冬小麦农艺及品质性状的分析与评价

为明确供试材料农艺、品质性状的遗传多样性，指导育种实践，以105份黄淮麦区的小麦品种(系)为材料，对单株产量、5个农艺性状(株高、穗长、有效分蘖数单株穗数、穗粒数、千粒重)以及11个品质性状(蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、吸水率、沉淀值、容重、延展性、硬度指数、最大拉伸阻力、稳定时间、形成时间、拉伸面积)进行变异性分析、偏相关性分析和聚类分析。变异性分析结果表明，农艺性状中有效分蘖数单株穗数的变异系数最大(23.11%),千粒重的变异系数最小(8.81%);品质性状中稳定时间的变异系数最大(28.24%),容重的变异系数最小(1.21%)。偏相关分析结果表明，单株产量与各品质性状间无显著相关性；株高与稳定时间(-0.346)呈极显著负相关，与形成时间(0.393)呈极显著正相关；穗粒数与沉淀值(0.299)呈极显著正相关；千粒重与硬度指数(-0.278)呈极显著负相关。聚类分析结果表明，供试材料被分为7个类群，类群间遗传差异较小，仅个别类群之间在穗粒数、千粒重、吸水率、沉淀值、硬度指数、最大拉伸阻力、稳定时间性状中的少数性状上表现显著性差异。从第Ⅴ类群中筛选出在4个综合性状较好的材料(山农2...

Analysis and Evaluation of Agronomic and Quality Traits of 105 Wheat Varieties in Huang-Huai Wheat Region

In order to guide the breeding practice and clarify the genetic diversity of agronomic and quality traits of the tested materials, 105 wheat varieties (lines) in Huang-Huai wheat region were analyzed and evaluated in this study. Variability analysis, partial correlation analysis, and cluster analysis were conducted on yield per plant, five agronomic traits ( plant height, spike length, spikes per plant, grain number per spike, 1000-kernal weight ) and eleven quality traits ( protein content, wet gluten content, water absorption, Zeleny sedimentation, Bulk weight, Extensibility, hardness index, maximum resistance, stability time, development time and stretch area ). The results showed that the coefficient of variation of spikes per plant was the largest ( 23.11%) among agronomic traits,while the coefficient of variation of 1 000-kernal weight was the smallest ( 8.81%); the coefficient of variation of stable time was the largest (28.24%) among the quality traits, and the coefficient of variation of bulk weight was the smallest (1.21%). Partial correlation analysis showed there was no significant correlation between yield per plant and quality traits, but there were an extremely significant negative correlation between plant height and stability time (-0.346), and an extremely significant positive correlation between plant height and development time (0.393). There was an extremely significant positive correlation between the number of grains per ear and Zeleny sedimentation (0.299), and between 1000-grain weight and hardness index (- 0.278). Cluster analysis divided 105 materials into 7 groups,with little genetic difference among groups. Four materials (Shannong23,Ying216-6,Shi07-4056 and Jimai631) were selected from group V as breeding parents for high yield and good quality wheat. The results showed that the genetic diversity of the tested materials was insufficient, and future efforts should focus on expanding the genetic resources of strong gluten wheat from geographical and ecological distances, and improving stretch area, stability time and water absorption.