种植密度对不同大豆品种产量及产量构成因素的影响

以耐密植大豆品种铁豆119号和普通大豆品种辽豆11号为材料，设置8.0、14.0、20.0、26.0、32.0、38.0万株/hm²共6个种植密度，研究了不同种植密度对两个耐密性不同的大豆品种的产量性状及产量的影响。结果表明：耐密植品种铁豆119号的单株荚数、单株粒数和粒茎比均多于普通品种辽豆11号。随种植密度的增加，单株荚数、单株粒数减少，百粒重与种植密度关系不显著。耐密植品种铁豆119号的籽粒产量高于普通品种辽豆11号，随种植密度的增加，铁豆119号和辽豆11号的籽粒产量随种植密度增加而先增后减。在一定种植密度范围内是如此，超过了一定种植密度，会因倒伏带来减产，特别是普通品种。铁豆119号的适宜种植密度为32.0万株/hm²,辽豆11号为14.0万株/hm²,铁豆119号在种植密度变化时籽粒产量水平较辽豆11号稳定，说明适宜的增加种植密度可以提高大豆的籽粒产量，铁豆119号更适于密植栽培。

Effect of Planting Density on Yield and Yield Components of Different Soybean Varieties

The yield characters and yield of two soybean varieties with different density tolerance were studied under different planting densities (80 000, 140 000, 200 000, 260 000, 320 000 and 380 000 plants hm²), using density tolerant Tiedou 119 and Liaodou 11 as test materials. The results showed that the number of pods per plant, the number of grains per plant and the ratio of grains to stems of density tolerant variety Tiedou 119 were higher than those of common variety Liaodou 11. With the increase of planting density, the number of pods and grains per plant decreased, and the relationship between 100 grain weight and planting density was not significant. The grain yield of density tolerant variety Tiedou 119 was higher than that of common variety Liaodou 11. With the increase of planting density, the grain yield of Tiedou 119 and Liaodou 11 increased first and then decreased.If it exceeds a certain planting density, yield is reduced due to lodging, especially for common varieties. The suitable planting density of Tiedou 119 and Liaodou 11 is 320 000 plants /hm² and 140 000 plants/ hm² ,rrespectively.The grain yield level of Tiedou 119 is more stable than that of Liaodou 11 when the planting density changes, indicating that proper increase of planting density improves the grain yield of soybean, and Tiedou 119 is more suitable for close planting.