陕西南部及关中宝鸡渭南地区农作物种质资源调查与分析

2018年陕西南部及关中宝鸡、渭南地区开展了第三次农作物种质资源征集行动，累计征集资源2 318份，其中粮食作物811份、经济作物229份、果树520份、蔬菜732份、牧草绿肥26份，共涉及43科、120属、157种的作物种类，征集到已在生产上推广应用的100多种地方特色优异资源。通过对这些地区农作物种质资源现状进行调查分析，发现陕西农作物种质资源以地方品种为主，在第三次普查中，粮食作物占比明显下降，从82.69%降至34.99%，其次蔬菜、果树占比分别较普查前提高了25.89%、21.08%。陕西通过稻米、花椒、核桃、茶叶、猕猴桃等地方品种及野生资源直接应用，取得了显著的经济效益，但陕西资源保护利用体系不完善，缺乏有效资源保护措施、发掘利用不充分等问题。建议加快推进全省资源保护体系建设，对局部地区及重点农作物优先开展资源保护试点工作，同时不断发掘利用新资源，服务于生产和育种研究，助力陕西农业追赶超越。

Survey and Analysis of Germplasm Resources in South Shaanxi,Baoji and Weinan in Shaanxi

The germplasm resources of agricultural crops in South Shaanxi, Baoji and Weinan of Shaanxi were collected three times in 2018, total of 2318 accessions of germplasm were colleced, which included food crops (811), economic crops (229), fruit crops (520), vegetable crops (732), forage crops (26). 43 families, 120 genera and 157 species were involved. We found that more than 100 excellent local characteristic resources had already applied in the produciton. The proportion of food crop decreased from 82.69% to 34.99%, vegetable and fruit crops increased by 25.89% and 21.08% in the third time of China national-wide survey, but local characteristic resources were the major ones in all the time. Through research and practices in agricultural germplasm resources, obviously economic benefits were obtained from the local characteristic and wild resources such as black rice, red pepper, walnut, tea and kiwi fruit. However, the system of protection and utilization of germplasm resource in Shaanxi was uncomplete,the measures for germplasm resources protection and utilization were inadequate.We suggest estalishing the system of the protection and utilization of germplasm resources as soon as possible. The pilot work for protection of some important germplasm resources in some areas of Shaanxi should be done preferentially. At the same time, we should accelerate to find more new germplasm resources for research of breeding in Shaanxi.